[ kommentare ]
 
Punktsieg für die Verteidigung
Kommentar zum 1. Verhandlungstag

Der Geist des Vergangenen vor Gericht
Kommentar von Echos (Lübeck AG) zur Woche 1 (3. September 1999)

Sagt es laut und deutlich: Safwan Eid ist unschuldig
Kommentar von Echos (Lübeck AG) zur Woche 2 (13. September 1999)

ein zusammenfassender Ausblick
von Echos (Lübeck AG) zu Tag 1 & 2

The Re/Construction of a Perpetrator
Commentary on the Trial against Safwan Eid - Week 3 (September 20/21 1999) - Echos (Lübeck AG)

Aus Interessen werden Fehler, die (k)einer verursacht
Kommentar von Echos (Lübeck AG) zur Woche 4 (27. & 28. September 1999)

Operations of the Past in the Theatre of Smart Bombs
Commentary on the Trial against Safwan Eid: Week 4 (September 27/28) - Echos (Lübeck AG)

"Is the Speaker Trying to Put Words in the Other Person's Mouth?"
Commentary on the Trial against Safwan Eid: Week 5 (October 4 1999) - Echos (Lübeck AG)

"Wir waren's [¼ ]"& the Power of Natural Ties:
The Spirit of the Past Hot Around the Judge's Collar

Commentary on the Trial Against Safwan Eid:
Week 6: Strebos' Preliminary Judgement (Oct. 11 1999) - Echos (Lübeck AG)


 

 
Kommentar zum 1. Verhandlungstag

Punktsieg für die Verteidigung

So überflüssig dieser ganze Prozess ist, so wichtig ist es auch – nun, da er geführt wird –, ihn zum Instrument öffentlicher Entlastung der HausbewohnerInnen zu machen. Am ersten Tag ist dies der Verteidigung vollauf gelungen. Richter Strebos konnte sich mit seinem Plan nicht durchsetzen, durch die gezielte Auswahl von BelastungszeugInnen, die dann auch nur von angeblich belastendem Material berichten sollten, das Bild der tatsächlichen Sachlage zu verzerren. Gabriele Heinecke und Barbara Klawitter bewiesen wieder einmal, dass sie die Strafprozessordnung zu gut kennen, um richterliche (oder staatsanwaltliche) Verstöße dagegen zuzulassen. Ihre Begründungen waren eindringlich. Zwischen den Zeilen die unausgesprochene, aber scharfe Drohung, sollte sich das Gericht nicht eines Klügeren besinnen, könne es sich auch einen Befangenheitsantrag einfangen. Die Drohung wirkte – das Gericht zog den Schwanz ein.

Safwan Eid kann sich glücklich schätzen, dass er zwei Anwältinnen hat, die nicht nur durch ausgeprägte juristische Kompetenz glänzen, sondern auch wissen, wie sie die Interessen ihres Mandanten in der Öffentlichkeit und den Medien zu vertreten haben. Ein genialer Eröffnungszug, Staatsanwalt Dr. Böckenhauer als Zeugen zu beantragen und in der Antragsbegründung den kompletten Vergleich zwischen dem Tat(un)verdacht gegen Safwan und sämtlichen, die Grevesmühlener Nazis schwer belastenden Fakten aufzulisten. Auch wenn der Antrag scheiterte, die Begründung hinterließ Eindruck, sicher bei den anwesenden ZuschauerInnen und PressevertreterInnen, hoffentlich auch bei den SchöffInnen und anderen Prozeßbeteiligten.

StA Dr. Böckenhauer wird vielleicht zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt dennoch als Zeuge auftreten müssen – ihm kann, weil er auch zu den Ermittlungen befragt werden kann, nur der juristische Rat gegeben werden, von seinem Recht auf Aussageverweigerung Gebrauch zu machen. Er läuft ansonsten Gefahr, sich selbst zu belasten...

Richter Strebos hingegen entlarvte sich der Scheu vor dem gesamten Fall, als er anmahnte, doch bitte bitte keine Rückblicke auf die Vergangenheit zu werfen. Als ob das Verbrechen und die Ermittlungen in der Zukunft stattfänden...

Klug von Rechtsanwältin Ehrhardt und Rechtsanwalt Hüseyin war es, den Skandal um die Ablehnung der meisten NebenklägerInnen durch ihr überraschendes Auftreten vor Gericht und der Anzeige, jetzt die Kinder einiger NebenklägerInnen vertreten zu wollen, zu thematisieren. Wie heuchlerisch das Gericht im Sommer die Nebenklage behandelte, zeigte der Blick in den Prozesssaal: dort saß auch Jean-Daniel Makodila. Er hat die "Gemeinsame Erklärung der Überlebenden" unterzeichnet, in der von Safwans Unschuld ausgegangen und Ermittlungen gegen die Nazis gefordert werden. Ausgerechnet diese Erklärung zog das Gericht heran, als es die meisten NebenklägerInnen ablehnte: entscheidend sei "nicht die Betroffenheit durch das Verbrechen", sondern ob auch ein Interesse an der Verurteilung des Angeklagten bestünde. Demnach müsste Jean-Daniel Makodila ebenfalls abgelehnt werden, hingegen die Verwandten von Sylvio Amoussou, die die Erklärung nicht unterzeichnet haben (weil sie sich nicht in Deutschland aufhielten), zugelassen werden. Aber Makodila hat den "richtigen" Anwalt, Dr. Clausen, der auch die El-Omaris vertritt. Alle anderen werden durch die "linken Hamburger Anwälte" vertreten, die sich schon im ersten Prozess von der Staatsanwaltschaft vorwerfen lassen mussten, quasi nur fünfte Kolonne der Verteidigung zu sein.

Das Kieler Landgericht hatte jedenfalls durch diese Entscheidung nicht den Eindruck gemacht, als ob es die besondere Lage der Opfer zu würdigen weiß. Verbunden mit dem Verhandlungsfahrplan ist die Sorge berechtigt, dass die RichterInnen weder Gerechtigkeit noch Wahrheit als oberste Prioritäten betrachten.

Beruhigend, dass die Verteidigung in der Lage ist, sich gegen das Gericht durchzusetzen!

HPW
Lübecker Bündnis gegen Rassismus

 
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Kommentar zum Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid:

Woche 1 (3. September 1999)

Der Geist des Vergangenen vor Gericht

Der Prozeß wird vor der Jugendstrafkammer des Landgerichts Kiel unter Leitung des Jugendrichters Jochen Strebos geführt. Die Anklage vertritt Staatsanwalt Andreas Martins. Die NebenklägerInnen Jean-Daniel Makodila-Dimbambu sowie Khalil, Assia, Hanan, Salem, Kalid und Walid El-Omari werden von Dr. Clausen vertreten, Rima, Nisrin, Nada und Salwa El Omari werden von Ulrich Haage vertreten. Verteidigerinnen von Safwan Eid sind Barbara Klawitter und Gabriele Heinecke.

Auf dem ersten Blick sah es so aus, als ob sich der erste Tag des neuen Prozesses gegen Safwan Eid um eine offensichtlich zweitrangige Frage drehte: "Wie gehen wir vor?" Doch die Antwort auf die Vorgehensfrage sollte den Ton und die Perspektiven des Prozesses als ganzen bestimmen.

Richter Strebos betonte seinen Wunsch nach einem schnellen Schluß und erklärte, daß dieser Prozeß unbelastet durchgeführt werden würde. Die Stunde Null wurde angekündigt.

Strebos begann das Verfahren mit der Ankündigung, daß die Vergangenheit absolut keine Rolle in diesem Prozeß spielen werde. Es werde keinen Raum für Spekulationen bezüglich anderer möglicherweise schuldiger Gruppen geben, d.h. die vier Männer aus Grevesmühlen; ebensowenig werde die Rechtmäßigkeit der ursprünglichen Ermittlungen diskutiert, die zu dem ersten Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid geführt hatten. Der erste Schritt, erklärte Strebos, werde darin bestehen, die belastenden Beweise gegen Eid zu untersuchen. Das Gericht werde dann entscheiden, ob diese belastenden Beweise auf Schuld hindeuten. Wenn nicht, werde Eid freigesprochen, und damit wäre die ganze Angelegenheit erledigt. Wenn das Gericht andererseits beschlösse, daß die Beweise ernsthafte Zweifel an Eids Unschuld aufkommen ließen, würde das Gericht gegen ihn vorgehen.

Aber weder der Staatsanwalt (Martins) noch die Anwälte der Nebenkläger (Clausen und Haage als Speerspitze der Anklage) noch Safwans Eids Verteidigung (Barbara Klawitter und Gabriele Heinecke) konnten diesen Verfahrensrahmen akzeptieren. Beide Seiten sind zutiefst an der Vergangenheit interessiert – wenngleich aus ganz verschiedenen Gründen. Wie Heinecke zurecht hervorhob: der "Geist des Vergangenen" prägt diesen Prozeß.

Nach Clausen, der Safwan Eid unbedingt hinter Gittern und/oder abgeschoben sehen will, hat die Vergangenheit bereits Eids Schuld bewiesen, und daher bestünde keine Notwendigkeit, die Beweise erneut auszuwerten. Für ihn war und bleibt Safwan Eid schuldig: was lediglich zu tun bleibt, ist die Beweise gegen ihn zu vervollständigen und damit seine Schuld ein für allemal zu besiegeln. Die Vergangenheit ist für Clausen wesentlich – namentlich Eids Freispruch durch Richter Wilcken, der ihn als schuldig verurteilte, den aber das Gericht gezwungen war freizulassen, weil es nicht die nötigen Beweise für eine Verurteilung besaß. Ohne diese offiziell bestätigte Vergangenheit hätte Clausen keinen Fall, und es gäbe keinen Prozeß; es wäre ihm unmöglich gewesen, beim Bundesgerichtshof ein Revisionsverfahren zu beantragen auf der Grundlage des Arguments, daß das gesuchte fehlende Stück zum belastenden Puzzle produziert werden könne und vom ursprünglichen Prozeß ausgeschlossen worden sei. Diese Vergangenheit bedeutet für Clausen alles – und er erhebt auf sie unmißverständlich Anspruch.

Angesichts der Tatsache, daß die sogenannten Beweise gegen Safwan Eid im ersten Prozeß bestenfalls absolut nicht überzeugend und schlimmstenfalls eine bewußte Erdichtung von Lügen und Unterstellungen waren, überrascht es nicht, daß Clausen alles andere als begierig ist, sehr viel Zeit darauf zu verwenden, die Beweise in allen Einzelheiten nochmals durchzugehen. Sein Erfolg hängt davon ab, die Autorität der ursprünglichen Belastung Eids und die des Kollektivs der Überlebenden zu ergreifen und geltend zu machen. Es ist diese Vergangenheit, die die Gegenwart prägt und Eids Verurteilung vorschreibt.

Auch für Safwans Eids Verteidigung, Klawitter und Heinecke, ist die Vergangenheit von zentraler Bedeutung: ohne die beständig einseitigen Ermittlungen und Interessen, die die ursprüngliche Anklage Safwan Eids beherrschten, auf der einen Seite und ohne den Schutz der vier Männer aus Grevesmühlen auf der anderen Seite hätte es nie einen Prozeß gegen Eid gegeben, ob in Lübeck oder Kiel. Die Vergangenheit hat Eid gebrandmarkt – gestern und heute. Daher ist es für die Verteidigung klar, daß es die Vergangenheit ist, die hier vor Gericht steht – und nicht Safwan Eid.

So eröffnete die Verteidigung den Prozeß mit einem brillianten Zug: sie forderte, als ersten Zeugen Michael Böckenhauer zu hören, den (damaligen) Lübecker Staatsanwalt, der für die ursprünglichen Ermittlungen verantwortlich gewesen war. Eine Untersuchung dieser Aussage, so erklärten sie ausführlich, werde die Unangemessenheit der Beweise, die damals gegen Eid produziert worden waren, deutlich machen und zweifellos zeigen, daß die Ermittlungen es versäumt hatten, unzähligen Anhaltspunkten nachzugehen, die auf die Männer aus Grevesmühlen hinwiesen. Direkt an die Quelle zu gehen – in Heineckes Worten an den "Herrn des Verfahrens" – ist ihrer Argumentation zufolge der effektivste Weg, das Verfahren zu eröffnen, weil es unverzüglich beweisen wird, daß von vornherein niemals ein Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid hätte geführt werden dürfen – und daß daher heute absolut keine Grundlage für eine neuen Prozeß in Kiel existiert.

Die Brillianz dieses Zuges bestand darin, daß, trotz der Wahrscheinlichkeit, daß der Richter die Forderung ablehnen würde (was er auch tat), es der Verteidigung gelang, sowohl Beweise gegen die Männer aus Grevesmühlen einzuführen als auch auf die Unzulässigkeit des Verfahrens überhaupt aufmerksam zu machen. Dies mag keine sofortigen juristischen Ergebnisse erzielt haben, aber es gelang sicherzustellen, daß die Medien gezwungen sein würden, die Argumentation in ihre Berichterstattung aufzunehmen. Und was noch wichtiger ist: die Debatte, die dieser Zug anzettelte, brachte schließlich die Widersprüche der Behauptung des Richters, daß die Vergangenheit in diesem Prozeß keine Rolle spielen solle, ins Rampenlicht. Klawitter und Heinecke gelang es auf diese Weise, gleich zu Beginn die Richtung des Verfahrens zu ändern.

Der Richter lehnte die Forderung ab, Böckenhauer als ersten Zeugen aufzurufen, und behauptete (wie auch Martins, Clausen und Haage), man solle zunächst Beweise aus "unmittelbaren" Quellen wie Experten und Charakterzeugen (wie der Hausmeister) zusammentragen und nicht aus "mittelbaren" Quellen wie Böckenhauer. Strebos Logik, die die deutende Beurteilung eines Experten oder eines Charakterzeugen als "unmittelbar" und die Beurteilung des obersten Ermittlers, der von vornherein definiert, was ein Beweis ist und was nicht, als "mittelbar" definiert, ist ein faszinierendes Beispiel für die konstruierte Natur "zeitloser" Wahrheiten und ihrer Quellen; dafür, wie ihre Interessen verhüllt sind in der Sprache des Selbstverständlichen, das angeblich keine Geschichte hat. Genau wie die Gerechtigkeit der Stunde Null. Dies ist natürlich der Widerspruch zwischen der Geschichte von Entscheidungen und Kämpfen, die "unmittelbares" und "mittelbares" Wissen durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch definiert (und umdefiniert!) hat, und der mit jeder erneuerten Definition wiederholten Behauptung, daß diese "zeitlose Wahrheiten" seien. In einem Fall, der so eindeutig durch die Definition dessen bestimmt ist, was "Beweis" ist und was nicht, erteilt die Ablehnung Strebos, Böckenhauer als "unmittelbare" Wissensquelle zu hören, der Öffentlichkeit eine glänzende Lektion über diesen Widerspruch und über den wackeligen Grund, auf dem zeitlose Wahrheiten der Gerechtigkeit und andere grimmige Märchen von Macht aufgebaut sind.

Aber die Wackeligheit der Argumente Strebos blieb glücklicherweise nicht versteckt in den Falten ideologischer Widersprüche: er fuhr fort, die Widersprüche ins verfahrensrechtliche Licht zu rücken. Nun began er zu erklären, es sei das Ziel dieser ersten Phase, die Schöffen zu "informieren". Und das würde so geschehen, daß man sie mit genug "unmittelbarer" Information versorgen würde, so daß sie einen "Überblick" über die belastenden Beweise gegen Safwan Eid bekämen.

Der Richter stellte seine eigene widersprüchliche Falle auf. Klawitter und Heinecke brachten es auf den Punkt: diese Vorgehensweise verwehrt die Möglichkeit einer vollständigen und akkuraten Präsentation der Beweise, da sie eine Perspektive diktiert, die einzig und allein auf einer Schuldzusammenfassung basiert, auf einem belastenden "Überblick". In der Tat verwehrt eine solche Vorgehensweise letztendlich die Möglichkeit eines fairen Prozesses, indem die Verteidigung auf vorgeblich "belastende" Beweise beschränkt wird – ein juristisch absurder und inakzeptabler Vorschlag.

Und ist, sollten wir hinzufügen, ein klarer Widerspruch zu der eigenen Behauptung des Richters, daß dieser Prozeß mit einem reinen Tisch beginnt: Zusammenfassungen sind immer auf vorherige Quellen angewiesen, von denen man annimt, daß sie vollständig und akkurat sind – in diesem Fall, die ursprünglichen Ermittlungen und ihre selektive Definition von Beweis.

Klawitter nahm die Widersprüche des Richters auseinander und schloß mit einer Forderung: wenn es in diesem Prozeß um das angebliche Beweisstück gehen soll, die Safwan Eids Schuld beweist – nämlich sechs abgehörte Gespräche zwischen Eid und seiner Familie während seiner Haft – dann sollte man damit fortfahren und direkt zur Untersuchung dieser Aufnahmen schreiten.

Überraschenderweise stimmten der Richter und die Parteien der Anklage zu: der Prozeß sollte sich den Aufnahmen zuwenden. Das einzig technische Problem war, daß der vom Gericht bestellte Sprachen-Sachverständiger bis zum 20. September in Urlaub war. Der Kompromiß: die Verhandlungen, die für die folgende Woche angesetzt waren, wurden gestrichen, und die einzig übriggebliebene "unmittelbare" Quelle war Roman Schick, der Hausmeister des Flüchtlingsheims in der Hafenstraße. Schick sollte am 13. September befragt und die Untersuchung der aufgenommenen Gespräche am 20. und 21. September angefangen werden.

Und damit war es der Verteidigung gelungen, den Ton und sogar die Richtung des Prozesses neu auszurichten. Es waren nicht mehr die angenommenen belastenden Beweise, die nun einer Prüfung unterzogen werden sollten, sondern vielmehr die Legitimität des Bodens, auf dem dieser neue Prozeß steht. Die Entscheidung des Richters, den eingangs im Brennpunkt stehenden "Überblick" über sogenannte unmittelbare belastende Beweise fallenzulassen, war eine implizite Anerkenntnis der problematischen Rolle der Vergangenheit in diesem Prozeß.

Indem sie den Kampf um die Vergangenheit sichtbar machten, trieben Klawitter und Heinecke die Widersprüche hinaus ins Licht: das Gericht konnte nicht behaupten, daß die Vergangenheit hier keine Rolle zu spielen hatte und den gegenwärtigen Prozeß auf der Basis "belastender" Beweise, diktiert durch (selektive) Ermittlungen der Vergangenheit, führen und sehr wohl wissen, daß die einzige juristische Basis für den neuen Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid in der Behauptung der NebenklägerInnen besteht, der ursprüngliche Prozeß habe sich auf unvollständige Beweise gestützt.

Der erste Tag dieses Prozesses hat deutlich gemacht, daß die Antwort auf die Frage "Wie gehen wir vor?" alles andere als zweitrangig ist – und daß sie mit dem "Geist des Vergangenen" zu tun hat.

Anmerkung: Zu Beginn der Verhandlung reichten zwei AnwältInnen, Ursula Erhardt und Mülayim Hüseyin, eine Gesuch ein, ihre KlientInnen als NebenklägerInnen anzuerkennen: im ursprünglichen Prozeß waren sie nicht als NebenklägerInnen vertreten gewesen. Der Hintergrund dieser Eingabe ist folgender: im ersten Prozeß wurden Überlebende als NebenklägerInnen vertreten. Jedoch wurden in diesem Prozeß alle außer der El-Omari-Familie und Herrn Makodila als NebenklägerInnen abgelehnt. Die offizielle Erklärung für ihre Ablehnung: die abgelehnten NebenklägerInnen hätten eine öffentliche Erklärung unterzeichnet, in der sie ihren Glauben an Safwan Eids Unschuld zum Ausdruck gebracht und gefordert hatten, daß die Ermittlungen Hinweisen nachgehen sollten, die in Verbindung mit den vier Männern aus Grevesmühlen standen. Die Logik ist bestenfalls wackelig, denn Makodials Name findet sich auch auf der Erklärung – aber Clausen ist sein Anwalt.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Kontakt: 030/ 618 53 96
(unsere Texte sind auch auf Englisch erhältlich)

 
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Kommentar zum Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid:

Woche 2 (13. September 1999)

Sagt es laut und deutlich: Safwan Eid ist unschuldig

Am zweiten Verhandlungstag wurde Roman Schick in den Zeugenstand gerufen. Er ist Angestellter der Diakonie Lübeck und war der Hausmeister im Flüchtlingsheim in der Hafenstraße zur Zeit des Brandanschlags.

Er wurde aufgefordert, zu vier Bereichen Auskunft zu geben: zur Struktur und Konstruktion des Hauses, zur Lage der Wohnungen, zu den Beziehungen unter den Hausbewohnern und zum Charakter Safwan Eids. Die ersten beiden Bereiche der Befragung zielten darauf, einen Beweisüberblick in Hinsicht darauf zu geben, wo sich der Brandherd befand und ob ein Brandstifter ins Haus gelangen konnte. Die zweiten Frageebenen sollten die Schlüsselanklage behandeln, die gegen Eid im ersten Prozeß erhoben worden war, nämlich daß im Haus gewalttätige Spannungen zwischen verschiedenen "Kulturen" und "Religionen" bestanden hätten und daß, wie der Feuerwehrmann Jörg Leonhardt behauptet hatte, Eid Feuer vor der Tür eines "Familienvaters", der im 1. Stock wohnte, gelegt hätte, weil er Streit mit ihm gehabt hätte. Schick wurde vom Richter auch befragt, wer zu den regelmäßigen Besuchern des Hauses gehörte und ob sie in der Nacht des Feuers anwesend waren.

Die meisten der Fragen stellte der Richter.

Fragen bezüglich des Ortes des Brandherdes konzentrierten sich darauf, wo verschiedene Materialien in der Hauskonstruktion vorhanden waren (Holz, Kunststoff, Fliese, Linoleum, Tapete etc.) und wo sich die Gasanschlüsse und das elektrische Heizsystem befand, ob Möbel im Treppenhaus der Stockwerke standen, ob die Elektrik in Ordnung war etc. Es scheint, daß Schick keine neuen Informationen zu diesem Punkt lieferte, was die Aussage des Experten der Verteidigung und den Bericht eines Augenzeugen bestreiten würde, daß alle Anzeichen darauf hindeuten, daß das Feuer im Erdgeschoß ausgebrochen war.

Fragen bezüglich dessen, wie undurchdringlich das Haus in der Brandnacht war, konzentrierten sich auf die Türen und Fenster im Erdgeschoß. Schick antwortete auch hier, daß der Briefkasten an der Tür nicht beschädigt gewesen sei und daß eine neue Klingelanlage 1995 nach einem Vorfall installiert worden sei, bei dem jemand eine teerartige Substanz vor dem Büro im Erdgeschoß auf den Boden ausgegossen hatte – die Verantwortlichen wurden nie gefunden. Er sagte auch aus, daß sich das Klingelsystem, daß in jedem Stockwerk vorhanden war, automatisch zwischen 23 Uhr nachts und 7 Uhr morgens abschaltete, damit die Bewohner während der Nacht nicht belästigt wurden. Auch hier scheint es keine neuen Informationen gegeben zu haben, die die Verteidigung dazu zwingen würde, ihre Analyse der Beweise und die Berichte der BewohnerInnen zu überdenken, denen zufolge man das Haus durch ein kleines Fenster im Erdgeschoß hätte betreten können, und die aussagten, die Eingangstür sei beschädigt gewesen. Jedoch schien der Ton und der Fokus der Fragen durch den Richter, zumindest implizit, ein Bild des Hauses als in der Brandnacht uneinnehmbar zu zeichen, trotz der Informationslücken und Widersprüche bezüglich des Fensters und der Eingangstür. Heineckes Fragen erinnerten das Gericht an Schicks spekulative und ungenaue Art, zu diesen Punkten zu antworten.

Antworten zu den Beziehungen unter den Hausbewohnern und der allgemeinen Atmosphäre im Haus bestritten die wohlbekannten Behauptungen der Medien und des Anklägers, die Richter Wilcken in seinem "Freispruch" Safwan Eids wiederholte: das Haus sei ein Treibhaus religiöser und kultureller Schlachten, zwielichter Geschäfte und primitiver Triebkräfte gewesen. Schick bestritt dieses Bild. Er betonte, daß es normale Zänkereien unter Kindern und typische wechselnde Reibereien zwischen verschiedenen Jugendcliquen gegeben hat, ebenso wie es Spannungen wegen abendlichen Lärms zwischen solchen Erwachsenen gab, die morgens früh raus mußten und anderen, die das nicht mußten. Schick betonte jedoch, daß an keiner dieser Spannungen irgend etwas außergewöhnlich war. An diesem Punkt lenkte der Richter Schick zum Nachmittag vor dem Feuer und befragte ihn zum Bereitschaftsdienstplan, der außerhalb des Büros hing. Schick erklärte, daß dieses Stück Papier regelmäßig zum Ziel von Vandalismus wurde: immer wieder wurde es abgerissen oder beschädigt. Er vermutete, daß es Jugendliche aus dem Haus waren, weil es oft Spannungen zwischen einigen von ihnen und Diakoniearbeitern gab. Am Abend vor dem Feuer war es wieder weg, und darum mußte Schick ins Büro gehen, um es zu ersetzen. Der Richter erinnerte ihn dann daran, daß Schick in einer früheren Befragung angegeben hätte, die Liste sei nicht nur abgerissen, sondern auch gelegentlich "angekokelt" worden. Schick tat die Bedeutung der Kokelei ab und deutete an, er könnte sich nicht an Einzelheiten erinnern: ob angekokelt oder abgerissen, der Dienstplan mußte an diesem Abend ersetzt werden. Der Richter verfolgte das Thema der "Ankokelei": wie kam es dazu? Wer tat es? Schick konnte diese Fragen nicht beantworten, aber anscheinend hatte jemand ein Feuerzeug an den Plan gehalten, was auch Spuren an der Wand hinter dem Papier hinterlassen hatte. Der Richter fragte auch nach Schäden im oder am Haus – Hakenkreuze auf dem Briefkasten, Teer im Erdgeschoß, das Münztelefon, das heruntergefallen war, weil es lose oder rempelnden Jugendlichen im Weg gewesen war, die Beschädigung einer Tür im Hausflur. Konnte festgestellt werden, ob die Hakenkreuze und der Teer von Bewohnern gekommen seien? fragte der Richter. Es gab Spekulationen bezogen auf Bewohner, antwortete Schick, insbesondere in Verbindung mit den Hakenkreuzen.

War Safwan Eid je in irgendeiner Weise Teil dieser Probleme, oder wurde er verdächtigt, bei irgendeiner dieser Aktionen mitgemacht zu haben, fragte der Richter. Die Antwort von Schick, laut und deutlich: Nein.

Der Richter konzentrierte sich lange auf Schicks Einschätzung von Safwan Eids Charakter. Gleichgültig wie unerbittlich er all die Unterstellungen und Behauptungen gegen Safwan Eid verfolgte, Schick konnte nur wiederholen, daß es absolut nichts gab, was für ihn darauf hinwies, daß Eid in irgendeiner Weise an Gewalt, Verbrechen, Streitereien etc. beteiligt gewesen war, noch sah Schick irgendeinen wie auch immer gearteten Hinweis darauf – weder in Eids Charakter, seiner Geschichte im Haus oder anderweitigen Hinweisen – , daß Eid für das Feuer verantwortlich gewesen sein könnte. Schick zufolge war Eid freundlich, hilfsbereit und selbst in spannungsreichen Augenblicken war es ein Vergnügen, mit ihm zu tun zu haben. Der Richter war von diesem Punkt nicht abzubringen. Er drängte und suggerierte und fragte ihn sogar direkt, ob er seine ursprüngliche Aussage, daß Safwan Eid nicht der Täter gewesen sein könne, nicht noch korrigieren wolle. Und immer und immer wieder erhielt er die selbe sichere Antwort von Schick: Nein, Safwan Eid konnte nach seinen Informationen nicht der Verantwortliche gewesen sein. Und wie verhalte es sich mit der Behauptung, Eid sei auf den "Familienvater" im 1. Stock wütend gewesen? drängte der Richter. Es gibt keinen solchen Familienvater, antwortete Schick. Ganz sicher, fuhr der Richter fort, was ist mit den anderen Männern? Nein, antwortete Schick, im 1. Stock gibt es keinen, der ein "Familienvater" ist. Bei Kriminalität im Haus (Drogen, Prostitution) wandte der Richter dieselbe Taktik an und erhielt dieselben Resultate: Nein. Und was ist mit den Spannungen mit der Familie Eid 1995? fragte der Richter weiter. Ja, es hatte Spannungen gegeben, weil die Familie ihn dafür verantwortlich gemacht hatte, daß ihr Antrag auf eine eigene Wohnung vom Sozialamt abgelehnt worden war. Aber, so fuhr Schick fort, die Spannungen hatten im zweiten Halbjahr 1995 nachgelassen. Der Richter erinnerte Schick daran, daß in der Tat die Familie Eid mit dem Wunsch auszuziehen kein Sonderfall war: alle außer der Familie Katuta hatten Anträge gestellt.

Der Richter zerrte an jedem Aspekt der angedeuteten und beteuerten Behauptungen gegen Safwan Eid, und er bekam jedesmal die gleiche Antwort: keine von ihnen hielt stand. Das Bild war laut und deutlich: Safwan Eid ist unschuldig.

Offensichtlich war die Verteidigung mit der Arbeit des Richters zu diesem Punkt zufrieden, aber Heineckes Befragung ergänzte das Bild: Nicht nur war Safwan Eid unschuldig – er war von Anfang an durch die Ermittler gebrandmarkt worden durch Suggestivfragen an die Zeugen, in diesem Fall an Schick. Hier konzentrierte Heinecke ihre Fragen darauf, wie die Polizei ihm von Anfang an nahegelegt hatte, welche Informationen von Belang waren, nämlich daß er die Spannungen unter den Hausbewohnern erläutern sollte, insbesondere die zwischen Eid und dem "Familienvater", und Beweise für Eids Schuld beibringen sollte. Tatsächlich ignorierten sie sogar Schicks wiederholte Beteuerung, daß das einzige angegebene Motiv nicht existierte, daß es nämlich den "Familienvater" gar nicht gab. Daß sie dies ignorierten, wurde sofort dadurch ersichtlich, daß sie unverzüglich das angebliche Motiv der Öffentlichkeit bekannt gaben – und die Medien verstreuten es dann auch getreulich weit und breit.

Wie erwartet unterstellten Clausens und Haages Fragen der Familie Eid kriminelle Aktivitäten (Autogeschäfte, illegale Arbeit) wie auch dem Haus im allgemeinen (Clausen versuchte anzudeuten, eine Kindergruppe sei ein illegaler Kindergarten gewesen), hielten sich auf bei den Spannungen im Haus (wer bereitete Fisch zu? Was charakterisierte die Cliquen? Hatten die Spannungen mit der Familie Eid tatsächlich Ende 1995 nachgelassen?) und bei Benzinkanistern. Aber Schick konnte keine Antworten geben, die die Andeutungen untermauert hätten: keine kriminelle Aktivität, keine relevanten Benzinkanister, keine ungewöhnlichen Spannungen – und nein, keine laute Musik in der Brandnacht.

Alles war friedlich am 17. Januar 1996, als Schick gegen 22 Uhr das Haus verließ.

Die Verhandlung schloß mit einem Antrag der Verteidigung, den ursprünglichen BKA-Übersetzer Yachoua wegen Befangenheit abzulehnen. Sie erklärten, er habe nicht nur Passagen falsch und ungenau übersetzt, sondern auch ungeforderte Interpretationen geboten (er hatte beispielsweise behauptet, eine bestimmte Passage wäre ein Geständnis) und Behauptungen aufgestellt, die ihm als Übersetzer nicht zustanden. Der Richter gestattete nicht nur eine extra Pause, damit der Antrag schriftlich aufgesetzt und anschließend im Gericht verlesen werden konnte; er erlaubte auch ernsthafte Erwägungen seines Inhalts durch eine Diskussion mit der Verteidigung. Über den Antrag wird er am nächsten Montag entscheiden, wenn die Bandaufnahmen untersucht werden sollen. Sollte er den Antrag zulassen, wird es entweder nur einen Übersetzer geben (den vom Gericht bestellten Sachverständiger) oder – wie es Haage und Clausen lieber sähen – zwei Übersetzer, d.h. man würde sich über einen neuen einigen müssen.

Anmerkung 1: Strebos lehnte das Gesuch ab, das Erhardt und Hüseyin am ersten Prozeßtag eingereicht hatten und das den Antrag auf Anerkennung ihrer KlientInnen als NebenklägerInnen zum Inhalt hatte.

Anmerkung 2: Borchert, ein Mann, der u.a. in Lübeck, Hamburg und Kiel für seine führende Rolle in Nazi-Aktivitäten bekannt ist, war im Prozeßpublikum, begleitet von drei anderen. Borchert war auch am ersten Prozeßtag dagewesen und hatte Fotos von DemonstrantInnen vor dem Gericht gemacht. Man könnte sich fragen, was diese Nazi-Männer für ein Interesse haben, zu den Verhandlungen zu gehen? Wen kennen sie? Und welches Interesse, könnte man fragen, hat die Presse (von anderen mal ganz abgesehen), dieser Frage nicht nachzugehen?

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Kontakt: 030/ 618 53 96
(unsere Texte sind auch auf Englisch erhältlich)

 
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Kommentar zum Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid:

Tag 1 & 2: ein zusammenfassender Ausblick

Die ersten beiden Tage des Prozesses lassen darauf schließen, daß der Richter einen schnellen Prozeß will, genauer gesagt einen schnellen Freispruch Safwan Eids. Man mag einige der Methoden, die er benutzte, um sein Ziel zu erreichen, in Frage stellen, insbesondere seinen ursprünglichen Vorschlag, der Prozeß solle damit beginnen, ausschließlich die belastenden Beweise gegen Eid zusammenzufassen und zu beurteilen. Wenn man annimmt, daß die belastenden Beweise nicht überzeugen und keiner Untersuchung standhalten, dann mag man dies auch als den wirksamsten Ausgangspunkt erkennen: er würde einen unverzüglichen Freispruch vorschreiben. Aber diese Taktik ist nicht nur riskant und, wie Heinecke und Klawitter deutlich gemacht haben, eine nicht vertretbare Perspektive für die Untersuchung der Beweise; sie ist auch sinnlos in einem Prozeß, der sich um die Rechtsgültigkeit von angeblich neuen Beweisen dreht: die Bandaufnahmen. Strebos ließ sich in diesem Punkt von der Verteidigung korrigieren.

In seiner Befragung von Schick, insbesondere zur Person Safwan Eids, war Strebos eindeutig fest entschlossen, laut und deutlich zu machen, daß Safwan Eid unschuldig ist. Seine lenkende und sogar suggestive Befragung, die dazu führte, daß Schick wiederholt Eids Unschuld angab, entzog Clausen und Haage die Möglichkeit, diese Fragerichtung ernsthaft fortzusetzen. Ihre kläglichen Versuche, kriminelle Aktivitäten und gewalttätige Spannungen zu unterstellen, spiegelten Strebos Erfolg in diesem Punkt.

Während Strebos entschlossen scheint, die mangelnde Stichhaltigkeit der Anklagen gegen Eid zur Schau zu stellen, ist es noch nicht klar, ob er ebenso entschlossen ist, deutlich zu machen, daß das Feuer von jemandem hätte gelegt werden können, der kein Hausbewohner war, d.h. daß das Haus von außen zugänglich war und daß das Feuer im Erdgeschoß ausbrach. Baut er die Figuren auf für einen Freispruch Eids und die Suggerierung, daß das Feuer unbeabsichtigt von Jugendlichen aus dem Haus gelegt worden war? Ein Streich, der außer Kontrolle geraten war? Was bedeutet, daß die Schuld im Haus besiegelt bleibt? Wir werden sehen.

Für Clausen und Haage ist es vergleichsweise schwierig, irgend etwas von Bedeutung aufzubauen – und sie, vor allem Haage, ließen Anzeichen von Frustration erkennen. Haage hat sich als Talent auf dem Gebiet des Schmollens erwiesen.

Der Staatsanwalt sagt fast nichts. Er wirkt wie eine Statue am Rand; anwesend, weil er anwesend sein muß.

Klawitter und Heinecke haben eindeutig das Sagen – und das machen sie hervorragend. Sie haben die Richtung des Prozesses bestimmt, den Richter davon überzeugt, seinen eigenen Plan zu überdenken, und sie haben die Unrechtmäßigkeit der Grundlage des Prozesses selbst vorgeführt. Man kann ihnen und Safwan Eid nur weiterhin Erfolg wünschen.

Die Verhandlung wird am 20. Und 21. September mit der Untersuchung von Auszügen der auf Band aufgezeichneten Gespräche fortgesetzt.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Kontakt: 030/ 618 53 96
(unsere Texte sind auch auf Englisch erhältlich)

 
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Commentary on the Trial Against Safwan Eid:

Week 3 (September 20/21 1999)

The Re/Construction of a Perpetrator

On September 20 the trial truly began. The time had finally come to listen to the tapes the BKA (Federal Office of Criminal Investigation) made of conversations between Safwan Eid and different family members while he was in detention in 1996. It is these infamous tapes – or more specifically, the decontextualized fragments which Böckenhauer, Clausen and Haage have re/constructed as THE missing incriminating evidence – which are the grounds for this trial. Without them, there would have been no appeal to the Supreme Court; and without them, the Supreme Court would not have been handed such a tailor-made opportunity to justify its recent hotly contested decision to expand the state's right to implement surveillance measures across a vast spectrum of public and private spheres in the mighty battle against "organized criminality".

A brief reminder of some of the juridical background to the tapes:

In the first trial against Safwan Eid, Judge Wilken did not allow the tapes to be used as evidence. He claimed that the tapping was illegitimate (Article 13 of the Constitutional Law had not yet been amended) and, contrary to prosecutor Böckenhauer, he saw nothing of any relevance in the conversations. But Wilcken himself provided the logic for the appeal. After his acquittal of Eid as a probable co-perpetrator against whom he unfortunately had no incriminating evidence, Clausen and Haage took the tapes to the Supreme Court and argued that the trial needed to be reopened because the tapes had been wrongfully banned. These tapes, their logic went, were not only legitimate evidence: they were precisely that incriminating evidence which Wilken had yearned for in his acquittal of Eid. These tapes, they appealed, were the missing pieces which would finally complete the puzzle of guilt.

The Supreme Court embraced the perfectly timed moment. On May 4, 1998 the new Law for the Improvement of the War Against Organized Criminality (Gesetz zur Verbesserung der Bekämpfung der Organisierten Kriminalität) law went into effect. On July 24, 1998 the Supreme Court decided in favour of the appeal against Eid's acquittal. Wilcken's damning acquittal of Eid provided the Supreme Court with a convenient framework to confirm this latest step in the systematic dismantling of structures which protect people (with German passports, residency status, money and/or a roof over their heads) against state/police control and surveillance. And it did so by relying on dominant racist and Eurocentric equations.

By basing its decision on the new "improved" law facilitating the war against "organized criminality" – the term equated daily with "aliens" -- the Supreme Court argued in the logic of internal security and self-defence; namely, in the racist logic of endangered/dangerous borders which fuels the war against "aliens". Clausen's and Haage's appeal provided the perfectly timed counter-point to the public uproar by "good citizens" who felt threatend in their constitutional rights by increased surveillance (there was no uproar by these "good citizens" about the racist logic which feeds this repressive discourse of internal security). On the heels of this visceral constitutional debate, the Supreme Court could present a concrete example which confirmed its wisdom: without surveillance which knows no borders, the missing piece of incriminating evidence against Eid could slip through justice's fingers. Without surveillance which knows no borders, the missing piece of information "we" need to combat "organized criminality" and protect the security of those "we" love could slip through "our" fingers. As justice knows, all is fair in love and war. As the State knows, open borders for those who protect them and erect them.

These tapes are therefore not only the juridical basis for this trial. How they have been used to re/construct a perpetrator is symptomatic for how Eid and "aliens" in general have been framed – juridically and politically, by the petty interests of slimy small fish and the grander ones of no less slimy larger relatives, by my neighbour and yours, by most of the media and too many of our silences. What days 3 and 4 of this trial have revealed (again) is the deliberate re/construction of guilt against an innocent person, a survivor of racist violence – and to what extent the rule of law is willing to go to perform even the most absurd spectacle of itself in the name of the objective re/construction of evidence.

These tapes and the re/construction of their meaning reveal the palette of mechanisms which have joined in framing Safwan Eid as the representative of a collective of criminals.

Monday, September 20, 1999

The immediate players in the re/construction of the tapes are 2 translators/language experts: Ahmed Wannous and Aziz Yachoua. Wannous is an academic who works at the Free University in Berlin. Yachoua is a free-lance translator who works primarily for the police and state and federal criminal investigation bureaus. They each translated directly from the tapes, that is from a Tripoli-area Arabic dialect into German. It is Yachoua's written translation which originally led to Böckenhauer, Clausen and Haage defining specific passages as "incriminating". It is fragments of Yachoua's re/construction which spread like wild-fire through the media as serious grounds to doubt Eid's innocence in this "difficult search for the truth" ("Schwierige Suche nach der Wahrheit", Jan Feddersen, taz, 25/26 July, 1998).

Yachoua's translation was originally put in question by Safwan Eid in 1996 when he was called in by the BKA to help them reconstruct the conversations: the technical quality of the tapes was so bad that they (via Yachoua) needed Eid to tell them what he had said. Eid provided this assistance through a translator, Dr. Ernari. This text, which Judge Slebos is now using as Safwan Eid's "original" words, is, however, already doubly reconstructed: firstly, by Safwan Eid trying to remember what he and others said in spontaneous intimate conversations under incredible duress, and secondly, through the intrepretation of a translator who, by the very nature of his task, would reconstruct Eid's reconstruction. Translators always reconstruct; however, the sign of their competence, artistry and integrity lies in their painstaking faithfulness to both the letter and the spirit of the original. As this week revealed, Yachoua has maastered none of the tools of translation. His translation is, at best, an example of glaring ineptitude, and, at worst, proof of deliberate manipulation intended to incriminate Eid. As the defence argued in their petitions to the court, both possibilities are sufficient grounds to dismiss Yachoua from this case. (See the petitions: "Befangenheitsantrag der Verteidigung, Dolmetscher abgelehnt", Sept. 13, 1999; "Sachverständiger als Belastung für das Verfahren", Sept. 21, 1999) But neither the judge, nor the prosecutor, nor Clausen and Haage were of the same opinion, albeit for different reasons (see below).

Yachoua remained and the battle began over the re/construction of Safwan Eid and his family -- their words, their phrases, their pauses, tones, sighs and sniffs, syllables and shreds of sounds.

And so, the court began the microscopic trudge through ca. 60 pages of selected passages. These included Böckenhauer's original selection of "incriminating" passages which formed the basis of the Supreme Court appeal and are the grounds for this trial, as well as innumerable passages introduced on Tuesday by Heinecke and Klawitter which clearly and repeatedly contextualize and dismantle any and all "incriminating" moments. Line by line, phrase by phrase, with endless repetition, the tapes were played and the translators dissected and debated.

It only took a couple of pages to reveal some spectacular "errors" – and again to beg the question: Who should be on trial?

 

"Error" 1: "I silenced everyone" or "I shut everyone up":

("Ich habe alle zum Schweigen gebracht")

doesn't exist on Tape 1

It was the judge who revealed the discrepancy. Yachoua had claimed in his written translation that the sentence, "I silenced everyone" followed the sentence "nobody can prove it/anything against you" ("niemand kann es Dir nachweisen"). Today, however, in translating directly from the tape, he did not mention the "silencing". Could he explain this? No. Neither he nor Wannous could hear the sentence. It wasn't there.

This was right before the lunch break, and it sent chills through the audience. Here was the first and undeniable evidence in court that Yachoua's written translation contained fabrications – and that Safwan Eid would soon be acquitted (again). But this was before the lunch break, before Yachoua had had a chance to reorient.

 

"Error" 2: "I silenced everyone"/"shut everyone up"

("Ich habe alle zum Schweigen gebracht"):

according to Yachoua:
reappears miraculously on Tape 2 ¼ and means something else

The police made three tapes of each conversation, and while each of them is technically bad, some are worse than others. So, given the huge discrepancy between Wannous' and Yachoua's translation of this passage, the court decided to hear if Tape 2 could clear up the problem. Wannous now stated that he could hear the sentence: "it has never been proved" ("es ist neimals nachgewiesen worden"), i.e., a clarification of the sentence heard on Tape 1: "they can't prove it/anything against you" ("sie können es Dir nicht nachweisen"). He still couldn't hear "I silenced everyone". Yachoua, however, rediscovered the sentence he had misplaced before lunch. Yes, he claimed, now it was definitely there: "I silenced everyone/shut them up" ("ich habe alle zum Schweigen gebracht").

Endless repetitions of the tape, Germans who cannot speak Arabic passing headphones back and forth, listening intently with furrowed brow to detect the missing phrase they probably couldn't recognize if it smacked them upside the head, Yachoua and Wannous providing written samples of what they heard, Wannous explaining that the "never" denies the grammatical possibility of Yachoua's sentence -- and Yachoua glowing with conviction. He knows that as long as he says it's there, it doesn't matter what anyone else says: it goes down in the book as a "difference of opinion between experts". And that is what it was about to be until, paradoxically, a question by Clausen exposed Yachoua's fabrication. Clausen asked if the word in question, "silence" ("Schweigen"), was in standard Arabic or dialect, and Yachoua, grabbed the chance to prove his expertise and began to give a lecture on the word. But something surprising emerged in a side comment: The word has several meanings. It can mean to silence, to satisfy (zufriedenstellen) – and to calm down/reassure/comfort (beruhigen). In other words, the misplaced rediscovered sentence which only Yachoua can hear, could just as well read: "I calmed everyone down/reassured them/comforted them."

Without Clausen's question, Yachoua would have remained silent and the suspicious sounding sentence would have gone on the books. When asked by the defence how he could explain choosing the incriminating option rather than indictating the different possibilities in his translation, Yachoua had no answer. Conclusion: either Yachoua invented the sentence entirely (as Wannous' translation suggests) or he deliberately re/constructed its meaning to suggest an incriminating cover-up on the part of the survivors.

A related example of Yachoua's interpretative re/constructions of guilt: a passage which Wannous translated as, "everyone who was ordered to make a deposition ¼ " ("alle Leute, die aufgefordert worden sind, auszusagen ¼ "), Yachoua translated as, "everyone came and compared their testimonies" ("alle Leute sind gekommen und haben ihre Zeugenaussagen verglichen/verändert"). It was only with further questioning and debate with Wannous that Yachoua gradually adapted his translation to Wannous', so that the sentence finally read: "they came and told/presented/gave their testimony" ("sie kamen und haben ihre Aussage dargelegt"). Again, an attempt to incriminate through insinuation.

But Yachoua's reconstructions do not remain at the level of interpretive insinuation – this much we knew before the lunch break. What we didn't know, is how far Yachoua was willing to go to display his art of re/construction.

"Error" 3: "if I were to confess, what then?"

("wenn ich gestehen würde, was wäre dann?")

does not exist at all.

"if I had died, what then?"

("wenn ich gestorben wäre, was wäre dann?")

does exist.

It was after the lunch break, and Yachoua had already rediscovered and rewritten his lost phrase and been corrected a number of times by Wannous erudition, when he suddenly began to babble something about printer problems, asterixes, Frau Wagner and reconstruction. He rattled on as though he were telling the court some irrelevant story about computer problems, when the meaning of his babble suddenly became clear: The line which he had translated as, "if I were to confess, what then?" ("wenn ich gestehen würde, was wäre dann?") should actually read, "if I had died, what then?"

There was a moment of stunned silence in the courtroom as the meaning of this "error" sank in. But the silence turned to open disbelief and disgust as Yachoua's explanation of the cause of the "error" sank in.

His tale goes as follows: He had been at the BKA offices in 1996 during the investigations and had needed to print out his translation. However, his fonts ("Schrifttypen") and Frau Wagner's BKA printer didn't jimmy and the result was a text full of asterixes and dots. He therefore needed to "reconstruct" the text (original quote). During his "reconstruction", somehow "if I had died" ("wenn ich gestorben wäre") became "if I were to confess" ("wenn ich gestehen würde").

That was over 3 years ago, Heinecke and Klawitter pointed out. Why was the so-called "reconstruction" erorr still in his official translation? When did he notice the "error" and what did he do about it? Why hadn't he corrected it?

Yachoua continued his tale of reconstructive innocence: He had reported it as soon as he saw it, namely on March 8, 1996 when he was present at an interrogation of Safwan Eid concerning the tapes. This was, Yachoua claimed, the first time that he had seen the text since it had been "reconstructed". He had immediately told those present about the error.

Who was present?

Can' t really remember.

Was prosecutor Böckenhauer there?

Yes and no. Maybe he was outside the room at that moment.

Which BKA and police officers were present?

Can't remember. Don't know names.

Why is the "error" still there? Wasn't Yachoua also questioned as a witness the next day, on March 9, and asked about this text? Why didn't he report the "error" again on the next day when he saw that it was still in his "reconstruction"? Why didn't he submit a written correction?

He didn't mention it on March 9 because they did not discuss this passage.

Correction from Heinecke and Klawitter: According to the protocolls of the interrogation, they did discuss this passage on March 9.

No, Yachoua, explained, on March 9 they discussed the sentences which followed this phrase in the same passage; they did not discuss this phrase directly. (His memory for detail ignited for a brief moment.) Anyway, he assumed that it would be corrected, because he had pointed it out the day before. Anyway, the text was out of his hands as soon as the police had it.

Who, besides himself, the translator, did he expect would correct it?

Don't know.

Monday closed with a chill of outrage in the room. The question which (again) screamed out to be answered was: Who should be put on trial – and what for?

The defence demanded that those present at the meeting on March 8, 1996 submit a written statement answering the question if Yachoua mentioned the error in their presence. The judge agreed.

That night, the television news on ZDF (heute journal) and the early news on N3 reported that the translators had different "opinions". This was because of the bad technical quality of the tapes, they explained. The chain of re/constructions continued. Only the local evening news on N3 (Schleswig-Holstein Magazin) mentioned the significance of the "errors". But nobody asked why a translator "reconstructs" a supposedly indecipherable text rather than redo the translation.

Tuesday, September 21

As expected, the defence submitted another detailed petition to have Yachoua expelled from the proceedings. Klawitter and Heinecke concluded:

"Should the massive inadequacies which have already come to light in Mr.Yachoua's translating abilities not be due to his desire – conscious or unconscious – to participate actively in an "investigative success" by fabricating grounds for suspicion, and [thus shows] that he is biased, then one can only explain his inadequacies as the expression of an obvious lack of expertise. [¼ ] The extent of the translation errors in only 63 lines of text are so crude and distorting, the effort needed to unpack and correct the errors so time-consuming, that this expert is a burden rather than a benefit to the clarifying aims of these proceedings." (Klawitter/Heinecke, petition "Expert as Burden to the Proceedings", 21.9.99)

Judge, co-plaintiffs and prosecutor rejected the petition. Prosecutor Martens argued that there was no reason to doubt either Yachoua's integrity or his competence. He had, after all, openly ("freimutig") addressed the reconstruction "error". And anyway, he continued, this was an irrelevant "error" because Böckenhauer had not included it in his list of "incriminating" phrases. Yachoua and Wannous had both done good work and complemented one another well. Clausen expanded: The differences of opinion between the translators can be attributed to the bad quality of the tapes and the difficult task of "clothing/couching Arabic in German words" ("das Arabische in deutsche Worter zu kleiden").

Yachoua has however shown that it is but a mere hop and a skip from the clothing to the cloaking.

Judge Slebos' rejection focused on the bad quality of the tapes. But in phrasing which implied his openness to the defence's argument while he continues to resist their (logical) tactic, he claimed that there were not enough reasons to date to question Yachoua's competence and that the court had not yet received a new petition concerning Yachoua's partiality which would enable the court to decide on the matter.

The public dissection of Safwan Eid's intimate moments therefore continued. The details are irrelevant, because with every thrust of the reconstructive scalpel, the only thing which was revealed, over and over again, was the voice of a gentle, innocent young man proclaiming his innocence, his unshakeable faith in his God, and the lessons he is meant to learn from this injustice.

There is one example which is representative of this absurd and violating juridical exercise. It is a passage which occupied the court's attention for hours and has made the rounds of the media from left to right and back again. In fact, it ended up revolving around one word and the debate carried on into the next week (Monday, September 27).

It is a moment when Safwan Eid is talking about wanting to get out of jail, about his innocence, about God, about the lessons he must learn, about patience. The passage which drew so much attention went as follows (according to the final reconstruction):

Speaker 1: "Your faith in God is great." ("Dein Glauben an Gott ist groß")

[indecipherable]

Speaker 2: " By God, God be praised, I am happy and I am sad. I am happy, because when I read the Koran, I recognize my mistakes. I have recognized all my mistakes and I know [indecipherable] building. ("Bei Gott, Gott sei gelobt, ich bin froh und ich bin traurig. Ich bin froh, weil wenn ich den Koran lese, erkenne ich meine Fehler. Ich habe alle meine Fehler erkannt und ich weiß, [unverständlich] Gebäude.")

Hours were spent going through the last sentence. Yachoua translated in court it as: "I have recognized my mistake and I know what I did at the heart of the building." (Ich habe meinen Fehler erkannt und ich weiß, was ich im Herzen des gebäudes gemacht habe") The judge and Wannous quickly clarified the difference between "my mistake" and "all my mistakes", but hours were spent on detecting the closing phrase with the supposedly incriminating mention of "building". Wannous could not hear it, no matter how many different tapes he listened to. The hunt was on, and Yachoua stuck to his reconstruction of what Wannous defined as syllables and sounds which have absolutely no meaning. Even one of the co-plaintiffs, the El-Omari son, joined in the hunt for the phrase. To his lawyers dismay probably, even he confirmed that he could only hear, " and I know [indecipherable] building" ("ich weiß [unverständlich] Gebäude"). This all changed a week later, on Monday, Septemeber 27, after the BKA had done a technical cleansing of the spot in question. Now Wannous could hear: "and I know [gap] building." Yachoua, typically, had in the meantime misplaced his "and I know what I did at the heart of the building" and now shifted gradually to Wannous' version. El-Omari, however, took back what he had said the week before. With the cleansed tape he now heard what no one else could hear anymore, namely: "and I know what I did in the building".

Endless hours were spent hunting for the "building".

This may sound like a bad imitation of a Beckett play, but it is more than simply absurd. The obsessive fixation on reconstructing this phrase -- this word -- actually created suspicion. The longer everyone battled over whether "building" could or could not be reconstructed from the shreds of sound, the more meaningful the hunted word became. The significance of "building" grew and grew with every excavatin hour. It became implicit, that should "building" be detected in the rubble of the recording, then it must be incriminating.

But with or without "building" -- or even the whole phrase-- there is nothing in this sentence but a person proclaiming with humility his innocence before his God.

It is the very dynamic of this dissection which creates suspicion and violates Safwan Eid.

The news of the day was at the opening of the trial:

  1. the statements submitted by Wagner and Böckenhauer. Wagner had a "vague memory of conversion problems" ("schwache Erinnerung an Konvertierungsprobleme"). Böckenhauer had no memory of Yachoua mentioning a problem. The reconstruction of the the reconstruction is starting to quiver – but where is the epicenter?
  2. in reaction to Klawitter's and Heinecke's detailed depiction of the absurdity of his tale of "reconstruction", Yachoua expanded his story even further. (He had had a night to think about it.) Now, not only Wagner's printer, but Wagner herself became a possible source of the reconstructive error. You see, Yachoua explained, he wasn't allowed to use a BKA computer, so Wagner was at the computer and she started to reconstruct the text, but there was too much to reconstruct, so he had to dictate and somewhere along the line (before he joined in, perhaps?) the error happened.

Did he use the tapes to "reconstruct" or did he work from the document full of asterixes and dots? the defence asked. Both, he answered. He went back to the tapes for certain passages. No, he can't remember for which passages.

There is really no other way to say it: Yachoua is either a clown, a fool, a slime – or an especially unappetizing combination of the three.

Conclusion

This week exposed the re/construction of a perpetrator. It also confirmed Heinecke's and Klawitter's opening claim that the "spirit of the past" frames this trial as it has framed Safwan Eid. Eid's acquittal is clear. The judge's tactic is to see this senseless dissection through to the bitter end, through every so-called incriminating comma and sigh, so that Clausen and Haage have nothing left as "evidence" and the case against Safwan Eid can be closed once and for all. It also appears to be his tactic to keep Yachoua in the proceedings for the same reason: better to have him exposed and dismantled in court – which he knows he can trust the defence to do – than to leave any doubts which can be exploited. And what the defence doesn't expose, he does himself.

The only question which remains open is: Will this judge have the courage to go beyond acquitting Eid? Or will he take the easy way out and leave the guilt amongst the survivors? Will such a blatant exposure (again) of the systematic re/construction of guilt have any consequences? Yachoua is only a slimy little fish; there are bigger ones.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Contact: tel: 49 + 30 + 618 53 96 (Berlin, Germany) or e-mail: echos@sireconnect.de

 
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Kommentar zum Prozeß gegen Safwan Eid:

Woche 4 (27. & 28.September 1999)

Aus Interessen werden Fehler, die (k)einer verursacht

27. September 1999

Zu Beginn des Prozesses wurde die Schuldfrage nach dem gravierenden "Konvertierungsfehler" – bei dem aus "gestorben wäre" "gestanden hätte" wurde – offiziell beantwortet.

Drei BKA-Beamte, die das Verhör mit Safwan Eid am 8.3.96 führten, die Beamtin Frau Wagner, die mit Yachoua seine auf Diskette gespeicherten Übersetzungen ausdruckte, sowie der damalige Lübecker Staatsanwalt Böckenhauer teilten durch "dienstliche Erklärungen" mit, dass Aziz Yachoua sie nicht auf den Fehler hingewiesen habe.

Demzufolge stellte die Verteidigung ihren dritten Befangenheitsantrag gegen Yachoua. Heinecke und Klawitter wiesen in ihrem Antrag darauf hin, dass seine Aussagen am 20.9.99, durch die er sich einer Schuldzuweisung entzog, falsch waren. In Bezugnahme auf ein Polizeiprotokoll wurde er schon am 7.2.96 zu seiner Übersetzung vernommen und nicht lt. Yachoua erstmalig am 8.3.96. Seine Aussage, dass er im zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit der Vernehmung von Safwan Eid am 8.3.96 die anwesenden Vernehmungsbeamten auf diesen Fehler aufmerksam gemacht habe, sei ebenfalls falsch. Der Kriminalbeamte Dzatkowski, der die Vernehmung mit S. Eid am 8.3.96 durchführte, teilte in seiner "dienstlichen Erklärung" mit, Herr Yachoua hätte ihn – seiner Erinnerung nach – nicht auf den sinnentstellten Fehler hingewiesen. Der Kriminalbeamte Buse teilte mit, dass er erst am Ende der Vernehmung am 8.3.96 hinzugekommen wäre und er ebenfalls nichts von einer Berichtigung dieses Fehlers durch Yachoua wüsste. Der Kriminalbeamte Przetak, der ebenfalls an der Vernehmung Safwan Eids beteiligt war, hatte am 23.9.99 gegenüber dem Richter telefonisch mitgeteilt, dass Herr Yachoua ihn nicht über den Übersetzungsfehler unterrichtet habe.

Durch die Distanzierung der BKA-Beamten wurde Yachoua von ihnen als Alleinverantwortlicher ernannt. Dies hatte offensichtlich auch seine Isolation während der folgenden Prozeßtage zur Auswirkung. Yachoua, zuvor noch bei den anwesenden BKA-Beamten und den Rechtsanwälten Haage und Clausen sozial integriert, verbrachte die Verhandlungspausen – sichtlich beunruhigt – isoliert im Gerichtsgebäude.

Die Antwort auf die Frage, wer an der Täterkonstruktion Safwan Eids Interesse hatte, wird durch die Distanzierung der BKA-Beamten auf die Person Aziz Yachoua reduziert.

Vom voyeuristischen Interesse der Hörenden

Das Interesse des Richters ist, alle Verdachtsmomente auseinanderzunehmen, bis die Schuldzuweisung "zerbröckelt" (vgl. Berliner Zeitung vom 29.9.99, S.9), wodurch die Unschuld Safwan Eids unanfechtbar im rechtlichen Raum besiegelt bzw. protokolliert werden kann.

Dies bedeutet, dass alle von der Anklage als belastend gekennzeichneten Stellen gehört werden müssen. Somit folgen alle Hörenden der Logik der Schuldzuweisung.

In dieser Logik verhaftet, brachte der weitere Verlauf des öffentlichen Abhörens der geheimen Abhörmaßnahmen die Hörenden im Saal in die Rolle eines/r Voyeurs bzw.Voyeurin, dessen/deren Lustgewinn nicht befriedigt werden konnte.

Diejenigen, die das interessierte Ohr auf die Entdeckung seiner Schuld richteten wurden entäuscht, einige derjenigen die glauben/wissen, dass er unschuldig ist schienen gelangweilt.

So erschien in der Taz vom 29.9.99 z.B. eine dpa-Kurzmitteilung zu dem Prozeß "(...) das Anhören weiterer Passagen der Ton-Band-Mitschnitte (...) haben keine neuen Erkenntnisse gebracht". Mit "Erkenntnisse" sind demnach Erkenntnisse seiner Schuld gemeint. Ja, diese waren nicht zu erkennen. Jedoch die Logik des Prozesses gegen Safwan Eid, die ständig reproduziert wird, nämlich die juristische und öffentliche Absicht, ihn als Tatverdächtiger zu konstruieren, war permanent wahrzunehmen. Diese Wahrnehmung scheint jedoch einer voyeuristischen Erkenntnissuche zu entgehen, so dass sich Entäuschung und Langeweile bei Hörenden ausbreitete.

Die Worte Safwan Eids auf dem OP-Tisch des Gerichts

Die aus dem Kontext der Gespräche sezierte, als schuldbelastend gekennzeichnete Übersetzung Yachouas "Ich habe meine Fehler erkannt und ich weiß, was ich im Gebäude gemacht habe.", wurde während des Prozesses von beiden Übersetzern nur unvollständig erkannt. Yachoua hörte die Bruchstücke "Ich habe meine Fehler erkannt und ich weiß (Geräusche) ... im Herzen des Gebäudes", und Wannous rekonstruierte "Ich habe meine Fehler erkannt ...(Geräusche)". Die Suche nach dem Wort "Gebäude" wurde durch den Techniker des BKAs geklärt, der die Geräusche auf der Kassette entfernte, wodurch nun auch Wannous das Wort "Gebäude" erkannte. Die nun erweiterte Rekonstruktion des Satzes durch das Wort "Gebäude" ergab den unvollständigen Satz. "Und ich weiß (was) ... Gebäude." Somit konnte auch mit Hilfe der Technik die Schuldzuweisung nicht konstruiert werden.

  • Im weiteren Verlauf der Operation ist der Versuch der Anklage, ein Glaubensbekenntniss Safwan Eids -"im Sinne einer sich wiederholenden und religiösen Handlung" (Wannous)- "und ich bitte Gott um Verzeihung" zu einem Täterbekenntnis umzukonstruieren, gescheitert.
  • Eine andere aus dem Kontext gerissene Übersetzung Yachouas lautete: "Ich habe dir gesagt, ich habe zehn Leute umgebracht und das Haus angesteckt." Es stellte sich jedoch heraus, dass S. Eid seinen Vernehmer auf das unglaubwürdige Zögern seines Hauptbelastungszeugen hinwies, der erst 2 Tage nach der Brandnacht der Polizei meldete, dass S. Eid ihm gegenüber gesagt haben soll "wir waren es". Wannous übersetzte den Satz: "Wenn ich dir sagen würde, ich habe zehn Leute umgebraucht und das Haus angesteckt, würdest du dann zwei Tage warten, mich anzuzeigen?". Worauf der Beamte antwortete "Nein".

- Ein von Yachaua schriftlich übersetzter Satz "Er hat es getan" kam im Orginaltext nicht vor.

- Die 20 Unschuldsbezeugungen von Safwan Eid, dessen Gehör die Verteidigung einforderte, wurden von beiden Übersetzern den Inhalt betreffend übereinstimmend bestätigt.

28. September 1999

In vielen Stunden operativer Maßnahmen der abgehörten Gespräche wurden übersetzte Sätze seziert. Technisch gespeicherte Bruchstücke beschallten x-mal den Raum, wodurch ein rhythmisches Geräusch hörbar wurde. G. Heinecke bezeichnete diese, für sie wahrnehmbare, Geräuschkulisse in einem Moment als "Druckmaschine", wodurch die Absurdität des technischen Sezierens ironisch kommentiert wurde.

Rechtsanwalt Clausen beendete den Verlauf der Suche nach einer belastenden Aussage, nachdem sich diese als entlastend erwies, mit den Worten: "Es kann hier aufgehört werden".

Das voyeuristische Ohr wartete auf die Sensation, will den Kick des belastenden bzw. entlastenden Beweises, stattdessen hört es die religiösen Bekenntnisse Safwan Eids.

Es hört die Selbstzweifel Safwan Eids, in der lebensbedrohenden Situation des sich ausbreitenden Feuers in der Brandnacht vielleicht falsch gehandelt zu haben.

Es hört den Selbstvorwurf, eine offene Tür vor dem Brand nicht geschlossen zu haben, da die einströmende Frischluft die Flammen im Haus nähren wird.

Es hört die Erkenntnis Safwan Eids, ungehört 18 Jahre im deutschen Gefängnis zu verbringen und seine Worte: "Nach 18 Jahren werde ich freigelassen und weiterhin sagen ich bin unschuldig."

... weitere Ergebnisse des operativen Eingriffes, die durch die Logik der Schuldzuweisung entstehen.

- In einem abgehörten Gespräch Safwan Eids mit seinem Bruder ging es an einer Stelle um die offene Frage der Brandursache. Wannous und Yachoua übersetzten beide: "Wir können es namentlich im Beisein von diesem nicht sagen." Das Fehlen des Wortes "Benzin" wurde von Clausen und Haage als mögliches Schuldbekenntnis gewertet. Der Richter wies anschließend darauf hin, dass Safwan Eid in der U-Haft die Auflage hatte, über den Brand nicht zu reden.

S. Eids Beachtung der Anweisung der Polizei sollte absurderweise zu seiner Kriminalisierung beitragen.

- In einer übersetzten Passage wurde von den Gesprächspartnern die Tochter der Familie El Omari thematisiert, die aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen wurde, sowie die unsichere Wohnsituation dieser Familie. Anschließend übersetzte Yachoua einen kaum hörbaren Satz mit: "Gott möge mir verzeihen". Wannous konnte diesem Satz nur Silben entnehmen. Haage wollte wissen, ob es sein könne, dass dieser Satz auch mit "Gott vergib es mir" übersetzt werden könnte, womit ein Bezug zu der Familie El Omari hergestellt werden könne, die ihren Sohn durch den Brand verloren. Beide Übersetzer verneinten die Frage. Wannous sagte mehrmals, dass der semantische Bezug fehle und es kein Argument gebe, was mit dem gesuchten "es" verbunden wäre. Er verwies Clausen und Haage auf ihrer Suche nach einem Sinnzusammenhang des nicht vorhandenen "es" an einen Psychosoziolinguistiker seiner Fakultät.

Auf die Frage des Richters, ob die Übersetzer das Flüstern einer Person zuordnen können, antworteten beide "nein".

Auf der gescheiterten Suche der Rechtsanwälte Clause und Haage nach einem Schuldbekenntnis verwies Haage nochmals auf die schlechte Qualität der Bänder. Das Nicht-Erkennen der Schuld soll ihm zufolge als ein technisches Problem erkannt werden.

Zusammenfassend:

Der Richter verwies am Ende der beiden Prozesstage auf seine Erkenntnis. Es sei zu erkennen, dass, wenn die dekontextualisierten als belastend gekennzeichneten Stellen kontextualisiert werden, sie sich als entlastend erwiesen hätten. Die Prozedur diene jedoch dem Rechtsfrieden.

Fazit: Das voyeristische Ohr hört nichts, da es nichts gibt.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Kontakt: 030/ 618 53 96
(unsere Texte sind auch auf Englisch erhältlich)

 
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Commentary on the Trial Against Safwan Eid:

Week 4 (September 27/28 1999)

Operations of the Past in the Theatre of Smart Bombs

It is not only a turn of phrase that I am sitting on the edge of my seat: it is an illusion. If you kicked the chair out from under me, I wouldn't notice. My torso almost parallel to the floor, my entire body strains towards the front of the room. I don't want to miss the slightest gesture, the slightest sound. If only they would speak up, speak clearly, speak slowly. If only I could catch every word, every shred of a phrase quickly enough to capture it accurately with the tip of my pen, to save [*speichern] it with precision on my page. But my pen is not a digital recorder and my page is not a screen. Therefore, my brow furrowed in concentration, my pen chasing after fragements, I continue to strain towards the front of the room. I don't want to miss the slightest detail. I am a captive audience member. But echoes ring in my ears.

***

In week 5 of the trial, Judge Strebos' vocabulary shifts imperceptibly, but tellingly. What for the past 5 weeks have been "passages" [**Stellen] are now "scenes" [**Szenen]. The theatre of this operation has been made visible. It seems that we are moving closer to the truth in more ways than one.

***

Operating Theatres of Science

In the late 18th century, Peter Camper performed numerous public dissections of racial specimens in the operating theatres of science. His forays into bodies in pursuit of the truth paid off: He finally succeeded in mapping the precise angles of what he called racial facial lines -- 55 degrees for ourang-outangs, 70 degrees for "Negroes", 80 degrees for "Europeans". He could now reconstruct the truth of beauty. Science was lucky, for Camper was not only a man of the scalpel; he was also an artist. Wielding his drawing pencil with precision, Camper recorded the truth of Civilization in an array of drawings – maps charting the heads of monkeys, ourang-outangs, "Negroes", and "Europeans", maps plotting the progressive path of racial truth.

Camper's discoveries and their visual recordings echo through the centuries.

German taxi drivers and other German citizens on the Eastern borders today receive lessons from the State in how to recognize the racial phenotypes of internal security. I heard the truth of racial phenotypes in a criminal psychology seminar in a USA university lecture theatre in the 1980's. Organized crime has a face. It has been mapped.

In the 19th century, colonized skulls and genitalia, jewelry and tools, foods and languages were dissected and framed under the microscopic eye of Civilization. Bodies were dug up, cut up, and sealed in jars. Peoples were occupied, charted, photographed and exhibited in museums and panoptica, displayed in scientific treatises and illustrations. It was the duty of Civilization to reconstruct the body of Mankind and its history – and no part of its "primitive" beginnings should escape being captured, conserved, dissected and reconstructed with the utmost precision.

Missions of Direct Transmission

From the 1870's into the 1930's, a son of Hamburg provided Western audiences with one of the most popular entertainments of the period: Hagenbeck's People Exhibits [*Völkerschauen]. Carl Hagenbeck imported people from colonized spaces and put them on exhibit in museums, zoos, animal parks, world fairs and theatres. The German scientific élite, represented by such internationally renowned figures as Rudolf Virchow, applauded (and financed) Hagenbeck's contribution to science and its pursuit of truth. They could measure, photograph and analyze specimens in live detail without the inconvenience of travel. A direct transmission [*Übertragung] into the theatre of the world-laboratory. Audiences, from the working class to the burgeoning middle class to the aristocracy, applauded (and financed) the exhibits in masses. They poured into the zoos, museums, animal parks and theatres: 4000-5000 on a normal Sunday in Zürich, 40.000 – 60.000 on a cheap Sunday in Berlin. A direct transmission into the theatre of world-consumption.

Today, in the Hagenbeck Animal Park in Hamburg, thousands applaud multicultural displays. Today, in the Berlin Virchow/Charite clinic, doctors contracted by the Foreigners' Office [*Ausländerbehörde] measure and photograph the body parts of young refugees applying for asylum. Their task: to discover the truth of the "aliens'" age.

Smart Clean Screens

Operation Desert Storm was a clean, precise operation. It was, as soldiers were told, an operation against primitives – "sandniggers", "dune monkeys" and "cockroaches" -- against vermin. It was, as George Bush told the US-American public, an operation against the "law of the jungle". It was, as the pilots told CNN cameras, as clean as a video game and as exciting as football. It was, as a CNN reporter told the world in describing the sky over bombed Bagdad, a "star-spangled display of American technology". This was the height of technological development; this was the proof of who owns the scalpel of Civilization. The primitive landscape was captured on screen, plotted in digital units, and virtualized into a minutely charted map of collateral targets. There were no deaths; there was precise collateral damage. There were no murderers; there was technology which could think for itself. This was a civilized operation of smart bombs. The clean screen proved it.

***

"How did you reconstruct the passage -- " Klawitter asked Yachoua as he squirmed through his tale of a mysteriously miscarried reconstruction,
"from the torso of the text"?

***

At the front of the room, experts reconstruct the body of Safwan Eid's guilt/innocence through a painstaking dissection of his words captured in camera by the BKA in digitalized units. As with so many operations today, it is displayed on screen. At the front of the room, there is a large computer screen divided into 2 parts: the top half shows the frequency of the sound waves of the taped voices in blue, the bottom half shows what I assume are the so-called temperatures of the sounds in a variety of colors ranging from yellow to red to blue. There is no text, there are no words: there are bytes displayed as colorful sound waves.

These bytes mark the path towards truth in the critical moments of this operation of justice: Where is that syllable on the screen? Click. Show me that phoneme. Click.

When the BKA technician pushes the play button, we hear the taped voices and watch the marker glide across the sound waves. The eye hears in bytes. When the judge asks for a new passage to be played, the technician interrupts the judge's description of the passage and that he needs the time of the line: Is it 11:12 or 11:19? The bytes are pin-pointed, marked, extracted, conserved temporarily in digital thermaldahyde, and set in repeat mode. The marker glides and jolts back – glides – jolts – glides – jolts – glides -- jolts. The fragment runs in an endless loop and I begin to recognize words in English, phrases in German. But this is Arabic, and I do not understand Arabic. The ear assimilates in bytes.

With enough dissection and repetition, you can make non-sense out of any sense, and sense out of any non-sense. Some might call this alienation.

But no matter how alienating, no matter how invasive, no matter how violating, this operation has not succeeded. Although he remains silent, Safwan Eid's voice comes through more clearly day by day, hour by hour in this trial. And it is his voice which has ultimately challenged this theatre of justice.

We may write reports about the accumulating examples of incompetence and the deliberate fabrication of incriminating evidence which confirms what Heinecke and Klawitter have shown all along. DPA may write that "there are no new findings"("es gibt keine neue Erkenntnisse") after another day of revelations which point to foul play. A journalist may tell us over lunch that he can tell by looking at Safwan Eid that he is not a murderer. And we may all be wading through syllables and phonemes as we try to reconstruct the reconstructions. But it is nevertheless the voice of Safwan Eid's person which emerges through it all and reveals the violence of this operation.

It is a quiet voice, a gentle voice which speaks of patience, of faith, of innocence which cannot be denied no matter how long it may be ignored, silenced, imprisoned, of the God whom he knows will stand by him, of German justice which will not betray him, of his faith in people, of the truth which will come out, of the lessons he is meant to learn from this. Patience, faith, strength. He asks about survivors, about the families of the wounded, the families of those killed, he mourns those who were not saved, recounts the night of the fire, the smoke, the crying, the panic, how he tried to get others to safety, how they couldn't save everybody, how if he had only closed the door. Faith, strength, fear, frustration, mourning, sadness, self blame in the face of helplessness. These are profoundly intimate moments; they are not meant for me, they are not meant for this audience. I put down my pen. I want to leave. I do not want to be part of this operation. I am full of shame and full of fury. But I pick up my pen again. I will write the next report. And I am nauseated by my participation in reconstructing these scenes.

I strain my body forward. It is an illusion that I am sitting on the edge of my seat.

***

Imperceptible Progress

There are no scalpels, no traces of blood in this operating theatre; this is digitially precise, technologically clean. In fact, this smart bomb violence seems to be as imperceptible as the bytes and phonemes into which Safwan Eid's person has been transformed. So imperceptible, that boredom dominates. Martens nods off and, jolted awake by his head dropping onto his chest, quickly checks to see if anyone saw his lapse. Clausen closes his eyes in what appears to be contemplative thought, but the deep breathing suggests otherwise. Haage and a number of those in the audience reporting on the case are reading magazines. Others chat with one another in whispers. The taz can't write enough about how bored and tired everyone (namely the reporter) is. The tapes play, and replay, and replay and replay. On the colorful screen, the marker glides from sound wave to sound wave, and back again, and back again, and back again. The technical experts [*Sachverständiger] debate a syllable, dissect a phoneme, debate a syllable, dissect a phoneme. And the general consensus in the hallway, the cafeteria and the restroom is: this is a bore.

Boredom. Could there be a better expression of the goal of clean, technological violence? In the theatre of smart bombs there are no traces of struggle. That belongs to operations of the past. This is progress. This is boredom.

(for other reports on the trial, background information and court documents, see Gegenwind's homepage: www.gaarden.net/hafenstr)

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Contact: tel: 49 + 30 + 618 53 96 (Berlin, Germany) or e-mail: echos@sireconnect.de

 
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Commentary on the Trial Against Safwan Eid:

Week 5 (October 4 1999)

"Is the Speaker Trying to Put Words in the Other Person's Mouth?"

("Will der Sprecher dem Anderen etwas in den Mund legen?")

New passages were exposed as having been created out of thin air: Yachou originally invented the sentence "present yourself as innocent" ("Stell Dich als Unschuldiger dar") and Wannous had to admit that he no longer heard the sentence "and only my God knows that I do not want to tell what happened" ("und nur mein Gott weiß, daß ich nicht sagen will, was war"). Whereas Wannous corrected himself and clearly stated that he could no longer hear what he had originally heard, Yachoua, as usual, gave a rambling explanation. It culminated in the telling sentence: "ich habe es lieber so gehört." This was a simple language error, but I leave it to the reader to analyze the layers of implication.

Today, the trial finally reached the end of its foray through the "incriminating" passages of Safwan Eid's taped conversations. By systematically summarizing the content of all of the conversations, Judge Strebos emphasized the distorting effect of how Böckenhauer, Clausen and Haage had ripped fragments out of context. The question of Yachoua's fabrications (and its consequences in this trial) has been set aside rather than rejected (with the agreement of the defence) – one assumes in the interest of a quick end to this trial.

The result of the weeks of dissection and re/construction: There is absolutely nothing in the tapes which incriminates Safwan Eid and plenty in Yachoua's translations which incriminates a broad array of officials responsible for the original investigations in Lübeck. Will these incriminations be taken seriously by anyone but Safwan Eid and his lawyers?

Judge Strebos is clearly aiming for a rapid conclusion. On October 11 he will give his position on the evidence provided in the tapes. As he has indicated with increasing openness in the past few weeks, he sees nothing in the tapes or their translations (or anywhere else) which incriminates Safwan Eid. The next step next week: question the officials who first interrogated Safwan Eid.

At the close of this first round of the trial, Heinecke read a statement in which the defence declared that the examination of the tapes and the translations confirmed that there never should have been a trial. In fact, it never would have taken place if prosecutor Böckenhauer had not desperately needed evidence and had not adopted (encouraged?) Yachoua's "reconstruction" of guilt.

Martens tried to steer attention away from Böckenhauer and reminded the court that there had been a legitimate trial against Safwan Eid.

Clausen declined to comment. But he had already provided a highlight of shamelessness earlier in the day. The tapes played a passage in which Safwan Eid (again) says that he is innocent, that no matter how long he is imprisoned, no matter who asks, he will repeat that he is innocent. Clausen leaned forward and asked Wannous intently: "Is the speaker trying to put words in the other person's mouth?" ("Will der Sprecher dem Anderen etwas in den Mund legen?"). Given Clausen's active participation in distorting and manipulating Safwan Eid's words over the years, he should know better than anyone else what it means to put words in someone's mouth – and its violent consequences. May this be the end of his comments.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Contact: tel: 49 + 30 + 618 53 96 (Berlin, Germany) or e-mail: echos@sireconnect.de

 
È

 

Commentary on the Trial Against Safwan Eid:

Week 6: Strebos' Preliminary Judgement (Oct. 11 1999)

"Wir waren's [¼ ]"& the Power of Natural Ties:
The Spirit of the Past Hot Around the Judge's Collar

"Safwan Eid's Acquittal Imminent". Thus ran the tenor of the headlines which rushed through the media the day after Judge Strebos' "preliminary opinion" on October 11. And as far as this analysis is prepared to go, it is right. But only that far. What remains silenced in this short-sighted focus on the imminent acquittal is cowardly violence cloaked in the supposed precision of justice and fairness of the rule of law. Strebos has ultimately covered his own institutional ass, covered for his own clan of truth-sayers on the backs of the victims – dead and alive. He, too, can now join the Lübeck choir and sing with exultation, "we did it" ("wir waren's") .

Strebos has, on the one hand, dismissed the evidence against Safwan Eid to date as inconclusive, irrelevant and/or simply false. Safwan Eid is, in the opinion of the court, absolutely credible and there is no reason to question his innocence. But, Strebos has also upheld the very thread which holds the entire bulwark of inconclusive/irrelevant/false evidence together. The court sees no reason to question the validity of Leonhardt's claim that Safwan Eid told him "we did it [¼ ]" ("wir waren's [¼ ]"). This phrase, Strebos explains, only indicates that Safwan Eid identified with the "we" group to which the criminals belong. This phrase incriminates other victims of the fire, he elaborates, but not necessarily Safwan Eid.

In one massive contradictory gesture, Strebos annouced that Safwan Eid's credibility exposes the (at best) speculative nature of the 'evidence' against him AND that the sole source of this 'evidence' -- which makes Safwan Eid into a liar -- is valid. As Strebos' own detailed questioning over the past weeks has shown, Leonhardt and Eid cannot both be telling the truth. Their credibilities are, by definition, mutually exclusive. The "wir waren's" makes no sense without the 'incriminating' information in the "[¼ ]" of the rest of the citation. Strebos knows this. But truth is a chameleon when it comes to justice. And cowardice of the most venal sort is based on knowledge, not ignorance. It's getting uncomfortably hot around Judge Strebos' collar as this trial nears its conclusion.

In order to fully appreciate how hot, though, it is important to follow this insidious path of truth step by twisted step. The crux of contradictions can reveal many truths.

Safwan Eid's indisputable credibility

"On January 18 1996, the accused, who lived in the house at Neue Hafenstraße 52, proceeded around 3:30 am or long before then to the second floor of the house. [The German "first floor" is the US-American "second floor". In the German text, therefore, the charge refers to the "first floor".] He, with other unidentified perpetrators, then poured gasoline or a similar kind of igniting fluid in the area of the right hallway of the house and set it on fire so as to take revenge against one of the residents of the house with whom their had been an argument." (Charge brought against Safwan Eid, May 8 1996/September 3, 1999)

("Am 18. Januar 1996 begab sich der Angeschuldigte, der in dem Hause Neue Hafenstraße 52 wohnte, gegen 3:30 Uhr oder geraume Zeit zuvor, in den ersten Stock des Hauses. Er goß sodann zusammen mit nicht ermittelten Mittätern Benzin oder ein artverwandtes Brandlegungsmittel im Bereich des rechten Flures des Hauses aus und zündete dieses an, um sich an einem der Hausbewohner, mit dem es Streit gegeben hatte, zu rächen." )

The crux of Strebos' contradictory logic was how he dealt with the only evidence on which the entire charge stands and falls; namely, "wir waren's [¼ ]". It is important to remember that the infamous quote attributed to Safwan Eid contains more than the 3 words which are usually cited. It – or rather, its final version after Leonhardt's repeated adjustments – not only identitifies the perpetrator(s), but also the motive, the means, and the site of the crime. (The time of the crime, which covers practically the entire night up to shortly before the first telephone call for help, is the product of deductive speculation based on nothing but "wir waren's [¼ ]".) Each of these elements form the basis of the evidence against Safwan Eid and his unnamed partners in crime. Not one of these elements, however, has been proven. Quite to the contrary. Each element – motive, means, site and time – has either been proven to be undeniably false (motive) or so purely speculative that it has no validity whatsoever (means, site, time). The only frazzle left dangling from this flimsy patchwork of 'evidence' are the 3 words: "we did it" ("wir waren's.") And thus, the tapes: the "new" definitive evidence which would tie it all back together again so that "wir waren's" and the "[¼ ]" could be reunited. The tapes are crucial links – in more ways than one.

"Wir waren's [¼ ]" is the packet which Strebos inherited for this trial. "Wir waren's [¼ ]" is the spirit and the letter of the past which Strebos tried to squirm free of today – with mixed success and clear consequences.

***

"The court has taken what the accused is supposed to have said to the witness in the bus as its starting point to evaluate [the findings made thus far]. [¼ ] The court asumes in what follows that the accused did in fact describe these facts to the witness." (Strebos, October 11, 1999 – emphasis added)

("Die Kammer hat als Ausgangspunkt der Würdigung [der bislang getroffenen Feststellungen] das genommen, was der Angeklagte im Bus gegenüber dem Zeuge Leonhardt mitgeteilt haben soll. [¼ ] Die Kammer unterstellt im folgenden, daß der Angeklagte diesen Sachverhalt ["wir waren's [¼ ]] tatsächlich dem Zeugen geschildert hat.")

 

Strebos is fully aware of his inheritance and therefore took it as the starting point for his evaluation of the evidence against Safwan Eid. His strategy was to cut it up into three parts: [¼ ], the tapes, and "wir waren's".

 

 

[¼ ]

On October 11, Strebos asserted unequivocally that there are no findings to date which incriminate Safwan Eid and/or indicate his participation in the arson attack. (Questions concerning his Kaftan, his wounds and possible sources of information before he got into the bus still needed to be clarified.)

Neither a relevant "family father" nor relevant tensions existed in the house, i.e., there is no evidence of a motive. No evidence links the Eid gas can with the fire, i.e., there is no evidence of the means (should a gas-like substance have even been used on the first floor, the judge noted, i.e., there is no evidence of the site). That Safwan Eid took a shower after the fire is not necessarily incriminating, i.e., there is no evidence of a cover-up. That Safwan Eid asked about his brother at his first interrogation is no evidence that his brother was a perpetrator, i.e., there is no evidence that Safwan Eid is protecting family members. Judge Strebos concluded: Nothing to date has substantiated these supposedly incriminating pieces of evidence which led to Safwan Eid's arrest and prosecution, and on which this new trial partly rests.

"A preliminary assessment of the particulars which were deemed incriminating in the verdict issued by the state court of Lübeck, and which were also seized upon by the Supreme Court, do not admit, either individually or as a whole, the sufficiently certain conclusion that the accused participated in setting the fire."

("Die in dem Urteil des Landgerichts Lübeck als belastende Indizien diskutierten Umstände, die auch der Bundesgerichtshof aufgegriffen hat, lassen nach vorläufiger Wertung weder einzeln noch in ihrer Gesamtheit den hinreichend sicheren Schluß darauf zu, daß der Angeklagte an der Brandlegung beteiligt gewesen ist.")

Although laced with the "preliminary" and "not sufficient", Strebos' judgement in fact dismissed, piece by piece, the fragments which made up the original charge brought against Safwan Eid.

This is a profoundly important step, not only in terms of Safwan Eid's acquittal, for Strebos has thus put Wilcken's written judgement in question and, implicitly, much more. His dismissal of the original evidence is potentially significant because once the flimsy weave of this evidence unravels, the nasty smell of cooked up charges wafts through with an undeniable pungeancy.

& the tapes

While the tapes are the supposed centre-piece of this new trial, they have everything to do with the recipe which produced the original evidence which Strebos has now dismissed as invalid. The tapes can only be understood as the direct product of this evidence and as a quintessential expression of the very mechanisms of the Lübeck investigations and prosecution as a whole.

The production and re/construction of the tapes are inextricably entwined with the invalidity of the original evidence.

The tapes were produced because the investigators and the prosecutor knew that they had nothing against Safwan Eid and that they needed to try something else in order to secure their "primary suspect" – thus the tapping. This much they admit themselves – even today. When asked on October 12 by Strebos if the investigators would have had anything against Eid without the tapes, Stebner, the second in command of the Lübeck investigation, shifted uncomfortably in his chair, cleared his throat and confessed that they would have had "serious problems" ("erhebliche Schwierigkeiten"). It was, by definition, the obviously insubstantial nature of the so-called evidence which legitimated – that is, produced -- the tapping in the first place.

The meaning of the tapes was, however, then re/constructed precisely on the basis of this obviously insubstantial evidence. What had but days earlier been obviously insubstantial was now revived as obviously substantial. The taped conversations were translated-interpreted -- or, as the weeks in court with Yachoua demonstrated, re/constructed – with the building blocks of what was now, miraculously, substantial 'incriminating' evidence. In other words, the investigators could only re/construct the taped conversations as incriminating evidence by reading them through what they already knew was insubstantial, invalid evidence. A tour de force of desperate investigative logic which exposes its own mechanisms of fabrication. Or, to continue a metaphor: what the investigators did with the tapes highlights their culinary talents.

The intimate links between the original evidence and the tapes (their production and re/construction) are as central to this new trial as they are representative of the entire logic of the fabricated case against Eid. If these links start to rattle, the entire structure collapses. Strebos has made it clear that he knows this. Klawitter and Heinecke have made this clear over and over again through the years. But few wanted to listen.

So, what happens when the judge dismisses the original evidence? Does he go the obvious next step and dismantle the supposedly incriminating "new" evidence which is fully dependent on this hogwash? As expected, Strebos did just that. He threw out the argument that the tapes – and the excerpts ripped out of context by Böckenhauer & co. -- incriminate Safwan Eid, and he even argued that particular passages clearly indicate his innocence.

It is Safwan Eid's credibility which is Strebos' key here. In fact, it is the key he has introduced increasingly openly to dismantle – even expose -- the links in the case against Eid. No one has quoted Safwan Eid as the source of corrective truth in this trial as much as Judge Strebos himself.

After weeks of microscopic dissection, Strebos' assessment of the tapes/translations repeated what he has stated with ever more clarity over the weeks: The detailed examination of the translations of the decontextualized passages demonstrates that there is nothing incriminating in the tapes. Rather, there are misleading and inaccurate translations and decontextualized fragments whose innocent meaning becomes clear when put back into context.

Strebos dismissed the passages which only Yachoua could hear. The poor technical quality, he added non-commitally, could be responsible for the discrepancies and/or Yachoua's "supplements" ("Ergänzung"). As for the Yachoua translations which appeared incriminating, these were corrected by both translators:

  1. the "if I had died/if I were to confess" (gestorben wäre/gestehen würde") switch which reconstructed "if I were to confess" ("wenn ich gestehen würde") out of "if I had died" ("wenn ich gestorben wäre);
  2. the disappearance of the conditional tense in, "I killed 10 of the people and set the house on fire ¼ " ("ich habe 10 von den Leuten umgebracht und das Haus in Brand gesteckt ¼ ") , when it should have read: "If I told you that I had killed ten of these people and set the house on fire, would you wait 2 days before you informed the police?" (Wenn ich Dir sagen würde, ich hätte 10 von diesen Leuten umgebracht und das Haus in Brand gesteckt, würdest Du dann auch 2 Tage warten, bis Du es der Polizei berichten würdest?");
  3. Safwan's brother did not say, "I silenced everyone" ("Ich habe alle zum Schweigen gebracht"). No one but Yachoua heard this sentence. And even if this sentence were said, it could just as easily be translated as: "I calmed everyone down." ("Ich habe alle beruhigt.") (See Commentaries 3 & 4)
  4. no one said to Safwan Eid, "present yourself as innocent" ("stell Dich als Unschudiger dar)," but rather, that "the boy is innocent" ("der Junge ist unschuldig") or "innocent boy" ("unschuldiger Junge").

The 2 passages where the translations – after endless debate and adjustments -- may possibly be interpreted as incriminating, Strebos noted, deliver ultimately nothing more than food for inconclusive speculation. Namely: 1) Yachoua's translation, "I have recognized all my mistakes and know what I did in the building" ("Ich habe alle meine Fehler erkannt und ich weiß, was ich im Gebäude gemacht habe."). Even should this be what Eid said – which no one but Yachoua can hear --, this is no proof that Safwan Eid committed a crime, Strebos pointed out. Eid could have been referring to having left the upstairs door open, just as he could have been making a statement about the mistakes he had made in his life, knowing full well what he did not do in the building – a kind of taking stock of his life in view of his innocence. 2) Yachoua's sentence "forgive me" ("vergib es mir") does not, in the opinion of the court, exist on the tape. Only the fragments "God" ("Gott") and "forgive" ("vergib") are audible. And even if Yachoua's reconstruction had been uttered, it does not necessarily incriminate Eid, for -- independent of the purely speculative interpretations of what/whom God should forgive – no one could even identify the speaker. Besides, there is no other moment whatsoever which can be read as a confession. On the contrary, the conversations contain repeated believable assertions of innocence.

Other supposedly incriminating moments were also dismissed: Safwan Eid's questions about how long he might be imprisoned (a logical concern for an innocent person sitting in prison on the basis of so-called evidence); his avoidance of the word "gasoline" in a conversation with his brother (he was following instructions given by the guard that he was not allowed to talk about the case); the warning from his father to "hold his tongue" ("Zunge bewahren" -- a wise bit of advice to someone sitting in jail because of something he supposedly said to someone).

There is, Strebos elaborated, even enough in the tapes to clearly indicate Safwan Eid's innocence: his believable account of the night of the fire; his believable ignorance concerning the whereabouts of the gas can; his believable ignorance of the means used; his believable repeated assertions of his innocence. The tapes clearly indicate Eid's credibility, and thus his innocence. Following the analysis he has argued quite plainly in the last few weeks, Strebos pointed out that even the apparently incriminating moments mentioned above make absolutely no sense as such in the larger context of the conversations.

The larger context, Strebos repeated, indicates and confirms Safwan Eid's indisputable credibility.

Strebos' statement was the logical result of the strategy he has pursued to date of bringing Safwan Eid's credibility to light. While one may question his means, Strebos has (obviously, with Klawitter and Heinecke) consistently recontextualized distorting text fragments produced by Clausen, Haage and Böckenhauer and chiselled away at apparently incriminating translations to reveal their invalidity. And over and over again, he has done this by introducing Safwan Eid's own words, by using them to challenge the translations, to reread shards in their truthful context. Neither the distorting decontextualized fragments, nor the distorting incriminating translations, nor Böckenhauer & co.'s insinuations or speculations, make any incriminating sense in the context of Safwan Eid's own voice. This is what Strebos has shown. Piece by piece, step by step, Strebos has laid the groundwork for the acquittal by demonstrating Safwan Eid's indisputable credibility.

But if Safwan Eid is credible, then Strebos has a very serious problem – and he knows that. For, if Eid is credible, then the first-aid worker, Leonhardt, is a liar. And if Leonhardt is a liar, he is not the only one. The spirit of the past is alive and well and wrapping its hot, sticky fingers around Strebos' collar.

"we did it" ("wir waren's ")

"Wir waren's" is the sole source of all of the supposed "primary" incriminating evidence which Strebos has dismissed. No one else ever heard this supposed confession. Eid himself has consistently denied Leonhardt's words, as Strebos' himself has quoted repeatedly. There is documented evidence that Safwan Eid told others (including a policeman) right before and after his encounter with Leonhardt what his father had related to him; namely, that he had heard noises, an explosion, seen flames downstairs, that "they" had set the stairs on fire, that "they" had done it. Safwan Eid has repeated this over and over again, just as he has repeated that this is also what he told Leonhardt on the bus. Why should he tell Leonhardt one thing, and everyone else something totally different? Eid asked in an interrogation.

Was this a simple misunderstanding in the heat of chaos? Leonhardt somehow just heard the wrongs words on that loud bus? But listen closely: there was no room for even acoustical misunderstanding. Leonhardt said in his original testimony that Safwan Eid "literally" said "wir waren's". However, in his denials of this charge, Safwan Eid has used another formulation; namely, he has denied ever having said "wir haben es gemacht" (a very different way of saying "we did it"). Safwan Eid did not even recognize the colloquial German formulation which Leonhardt "literally" quoted. That is, there was not even the possibility of confusing "die waren's" with "wir waren's". There is also documented evidence that Safwan Eid did not even know the word "revenge" ("rächen") imputed to him. And, as Strebos himself argued in his "preliminary opinion", neither the motive nor a connection to the means cited exist. Nor, he argues, are they even relevant, given Eid's credibility.

Given Strebos's own dismissal of the "[¼ ]" which is the flesh of "wir waren's"; given that "wir waren's" makes no sense without the "[¼ ]" which Strebos has tossed out; given Safwan Eid's indisputable credibility, as demonstrated by the court itself; given that Safwan Eid's declared credibility makes absolutely no sense with the "wir waren's"; given the evidence, or rather, lack of evidence, which Strebos himself has demonstrated, it would appear that the only logical thing for Strebos to do here would be to dismiss Leonhardt's words as irrelevant because obviously untrue. But he didn't do this. Instead, he assumed and declared Leonhardt's credibility.

Natural ties run very deep.

 

Identification and justice's natural ties

"The court has taken what the accused is supposed to have said to the witness in the bus as its starting point to evaluate [the findings made thus far]. [¼ ] The court asumes in what follows that the accused did in fact describe these facts to the witness." (emphasis added)

("Die Kammer hat als Ausgangspunkt der Würdigung [der bislang getroffenen Feststellungen] das genommen, was der Angeklagte im Bus gegenüber dem Zeuge Leonhardt mitgeteilt haben soll. [¼ ] Die Kammer unterstellt im folgenden, daß der Angeklagte diesen Sachverhalt ["wir waren's ¼ ] tatsächlich dem Zeugen geschildert hat." )

This grammatical cocktail creates confusion upon first hearing. First we are told in the conditional tense that the accused is supposed to have said something (which is then described in the conditional tense of reported speech); and then, we are told that the court "assumes" ("unterstellt") – a slippery word in German which could imply the slightest sliver of a conditional -- that the accused did in fact say what was imputed to him. This audience may have plenty of practice hearing sense out of non-sense, but this was a tricky one.

Slipping and sliding hither and thither, Strebos managed nonetheless to annouce that the court assumes Leonhardt's credibility and that Safwan Eid did in fact say to Leonhardt, "we did it [¼ ]" ("wir waren's [¼ ]"). However, he dismissed the Lübeck court's interpretation of this phrase. Strebos declared that there is nothing in these words which necessarily incriminates Safwan Eid as a perpetrator. The "we" of this sentence only reflects identification with a group, but it in no way necessarily indicates the speaker's direct participation.

The judge looked up from his text at this point to help out his confused audience: When someone after a football game says, "we won" or "we took revenge", this reflects that the speaker identifies with the winning team, but it in no way means that person participated in the match. When Germany wins the World Cup and millions cry out, "we won", it certainly doesn't mean that they were all on the field. It means that they (naturally) identify with the (national/blood) "we". The "we" in Leonhardt's citation only indicates that Safwan Eid (naturally) identified with a group (of criminals). Then Strebos got down to the brass tacks. The (natural) "we" group which most likely comes into question in Safwan Eid's case is one of the following: the Eid family, the Arabs (as opposed to the "Blacks Africans" in the house) or the house residents (refugees) as a whole.

"We did it", we learned, simply articulates (natural) ties. And the (natural) identity of the criminal "we" here comes through as clearly as the triumphant cries of justice's winning team.

Strebos went on at great length about "wir waren's", and the more he tried to explain his convoluted contradictory construction, the more visible he made his natural ties and their violent consequences. As he put it at the end of the day, he felt "misunderstood". He shouldn't have: his meaning came through loud and clear.

His made his first attempt at clarification, as noted above, during his reading of the text. Here he introduced the football truth coupled with Safwan Eid's relevant (natural) group identifications.

Step 1: We now had the clarity of natural ties which incriminates all the other victims of the arson attack –including Rabiah El Omari, who was killed in the fire and whose family has led the co-plaintiff prosecution of Safwan Eid. Dead or alive, the residents are a (natural) group of potential criminals.

After the break, Strebos felt that another step was necessary – just in case. "Wir waren's" he explained further, doesn't necessarily mean "I was there"; it only means "one of us was there" – and even if it does include the speaker, he squeezed in, it doesn't necessarily say what he/she did. Tricky footwork, Strebos.

Step 2: Through the power of suggestion, we now possibly have Safwan Eid with his clan back at the scene of the crime, but while his clan is pouring and igniting gasoline, his particular participation remains unclear.

On the heels of these helpful clarifications, Haage picked up where Strebos had left off. In his questioning of one of the Lübeck investigators (Perrey), Haage asked that the witness give his impression of Leonhardt, that is, that he confirm Leonhardt's credibility. Strebos intervened, as he always does when things get too hot around Leonhardt, the investigators and/or Böckenhauer. Leonhardt's credibility, Strebos repeated, is not the issue: we need here to examine "what [Leonhardt] heard" in the context of "other evidence".

Step 3: Just in case some of us were still floundering to hear sense out of the non-sense, Strebos gave us a hand. Leonhardt's credibility is not at stake because the conditional tense has vanished once and for all: Leonhardt heard Safwan Eid say "wir waren's" because Safwan Eid said "wir waren's" as Strebos' endless explanations of the sentence confirmed over and over again.

At the end of the day, feeling misunderstood and antsy, Strebos felt that it was time to be clear (again). "Wir waren's" only says that Safwan Eid (naturally) identified with a group (of arsonists). The groups which come into question for Eid's identification are (naturally): the Eid family, the Arabs, the house residents (foreigners). But identification doesn't necessarily say anything about participation – that is: Safwan Eid could have been present at the crime or he could have heard from the perpetators right afterwards that they (his clan) had done it. Either way, there is no proof in "wir waren's" which connects Safwan Eid directly with pouring the gasoline even if he were there.

Step 4: All the pieces are back in their natural order. Natural ties – "family", "race", "foreigners" – seal the clan/s of criminality in the house. Safwan Eid may or may not have actually been physically present with his clan at the crime. He either watched the fire being set and did nothing, or wasn't there, but knows who did it. Either way, he definitely knows who did it, is covering for his clan, and is a liar.

He is also a profoundly sophisticated liar, who in all the years, and all the interrogations, and all the trials, and all the taped conversations when he thought he was alone (with an arsonist?) never once let out a single peep which pointed to anyone else's guilt. Who but the most refined liar could muster such believable ignorance concerning the means and the motive of the crime – to fool even the judge? Who but the most practiced deceiver could cry out to the interrogator trying to manipulate him into confessing: "I am innocent and know it. My heart is at peace. [¼ ] imprison me, imprison me, interrogate me and imprison me, even if 18 years. I will be patient for 18 years. I will be patient, but after 18 years I will come out and say: 'I am innocent.' " ("Ich bin unschuldig und weiß es. Mein Herz ist beruhigt. [¼ ] nimm mich gefangen, nimm mich gefangen, vernehm mich und nimm mich gefangen, auch wenn 18 Jahre. Ich werde 18 Jahre geduldig sein, aber nach 18 Jahre werde ich rauskommen und sagen: 'Ich bin unschuldig.' ") (taped conversation March 3, 1996) A truly sophisticated liar who doesn't slip and say: "and even after 18 years, you still won't know who did it." A truly well-schooled criminal who knows not to betray the slightest sign of shared knowledge even when he thinks he is alone with the one he is covering for and speaking a language no authority within earshot can possibly understand.

A truly remarkable example of masterful deceit. A truly remarkable example of the Occident's age-old masterful re/constructions of the "Orient".

And just in case anyone had forgotten his meaning overnight, Strebos did his best the next day to put the final touches on his anthropological portrait of a crime/criminal. He reintroduced the mysterious "scorching" ("Kokeleien") activities in the house. (See Commentary Week 2)

Stebner, the second in command of Lübeck's Special Investigations Commission at the time of the fire, was on the stand. The witness had finished his recitation on how Safwan Eid had become the primary suspect (a script which just happened to be synced practically to the comma with the testimony of his police colleagues of the day before), and the judge was asking questions. He wanted to hear how it came to be that the "we" (of the indisputable "we did it") had become linked with Safwan Eid's direct participation. Certainly others were implied in this "we"? the judge pointed out. Stebner had done his homework. Of course, he replied obediently, and quoted Strebos' judgement of the day before: the investigators knew that this could mean the Eid family, the Arabs or the house residents. Strebos felt understood and the questioning continued. The judge guided Stebner through the first 2 (natural) groups and over and over again, Stebner had to confirm that there was nothing concrete there: nothing against the Eid brothers and nothing specifically against Safwan Eid himself – no traces of gasoline-like substances, no "African family father", no extraordinary tensions, etc. (Which is not to say that Stebner didn't try his damndest to incriminate Eid through insinuation and lies – he did.) The list of 'incriminating evidence' Stebner could offer ultimately boiled down to 3 things: 1) the tapes (which they didn't have when they declared Safwan Eid the primary suspect); 2) the supposed deceitfulness of the survivors – they "kept changing their stories" (on the contrary, they provided the same information over and over again which in no way incriminated Safwan Eid ); and 3) the gasoline can belonging to the Eid family which was found in their living quarters. And here the judge jumped in and, almost imperceptibly, added the final dab to his portrait: But the gas can belongs to the Eid family, and does not necessarily incriminate Safwan Eid. Couldn't it be that other residents were responsible? What about the "scorching" activities? Was there any evidence that Safwan Eid had anything to do with that?

And with that, Strebos had narrowed the possible identity of the group.

Step 5: We are back in the arena of the Eid family and at the unidentified resident "youths" of Week 2 who supposedly scorched the on-call schedule a number of times. We have discovered Safwan Eid's brothers at the intersection. The judge got the answer he wanted and needed from Stebner as the final touch: no one really knows who was responsible for the scorching – but it came from within.

This (decreasingly) amorphous clan of youths from within the house – with or without Safwan Eid – are the only ones this judge has in any way associated with setting fires and they clearly hang in the air of this courtroom as the probable perpetrators. This was Strebos' final stroke, perfectly placed – deliberately or not -- on the day after he had made it clear that the perpetrators are amongst the victims. Which he had already implied on the second day of the hearings. And now we have come full circle. Back to the youths. Back to the Eid family. Back to the clan of criminals from within.

Strebos reminded the public that the court's responsibility in this trial is to determine the validity of the charge brought against Safwan Eid and not to determine "who comes under suspicion as a perpetrator" ("wer als Täter in Verdacht kommt"). But he has done just that. He has conjured shadows of perpetrators and -- as the slippery focus of guilt from the residents, to the family, to the Arabs shows -- he doesn't really give a damn where the guilt ultimately sticks, as long as it stays firmly glued in the house.

***

Identification and Internal Security

Judge Strebos' "preliminary opinion" confirms the contradictory paths he has followed since the beginning of the trial. On the one hand, there is the path of evidence. According to this path of justice, the evidence is flimsy speculation at best, deliberate fabrication at worst: there is absolutely no incriminating evidence against Safwan Eid That is, as Strebos' weeks of examination confirmed and declared, Safwan Eid is absolutely credible. On the other hand, there is the path of politics and the internal security the "peace of law" ("Rechtsfrieden") – to use one of Strebos' favorite expressions. According to this path of justice, the source on which the entire speculative/fabricated charge stands or falls – "wir waren's [¼ ]" – remains intact. And if it remains intact, so, too, ultimately, does the innocence and security of the collective of those responsible for cooking up the charges. Safwan Eid is an absolutely credible liar. Leonhardt is an absolutely credible source of evidence which is invalid. And Böckenhauer & co. are an absolutely impeccable example of (culinary) justice at work.

Rechtsfrieden. Seelenfrieden. Ruhe. Ruhig gestellt.
(Peace of law. Peace of mind. Peace. Silenced.)

In a gesture not unlike Böckenhauer's with the tapes, Strebos ripped "wir waren's" from the flesh which gave it meaning. He silenced that Leonhardt's citation contains "wir waren's" AND the content of the "[¼ ]" -- gasoline-like substance, argument, revenge, first-floor, family father -- which he himself dismissed largely on the basis of Eid's credibility. It doesn't take a genius to see that you can't claim that you believe that Safwan Eid didn't know what substance was used to set the fire (if any was even used) AND claim that you believe that he did in fact tell Leonhardt what substance was used (amongst other things). It doesn't take a genius to see that you can't dismiss the "evidence" used to incriminate Safwan Eid and unnamed others AND claim the validity of this evidence's only source. But it does take a venal coward to know that there is no evidence to incriminate the residents AND to brand them with the mark of guilt.

Contradictions reveal many truths.

The spirit of the past is hot around this judge's collar and he has made his choice. No lack of evidence, no justice, and certainly no contradiction is going to tempt him to stray from his natural ties – or put his ass on the line. No matter what the costs might be for these survivors and other natural criminals who will be burned alive in their beds for the sake of internal security.

The internal security of justice has been well identified -- and protected.

May Strebos' final judgement prove me a fool.

Echos (Lübeck AG)
Contact: tel: 49 + 30 + 618 53 96 (Berlin, Germany) or e-mail: echos@sireconnect.de

 
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